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Pharmaceutical Applications Compendium
PURITY AND IMPURITY ANALYSIS
APPLICATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHY AND
MASS SPECTROMETRY IN PHARMACEUTICAL
PURITY AND IMPURITY ANALYSIS
Accurate assessment of product quality requires robust analytical methods.
To remain competitive, drug development and quality control programs must find
efficient and effective ways to develop new analytical methods and to transfer
and optimize existing procedures. Increased regulatory attention on the control
of impurities (e.g., much lower thresholds for genotoxic impurities) has fueled
the need for analytical procedures that al ow significantly lower detection limits.
This in turn requires more sensitive instruments and places higher demands
on selectivity, since many additional impurities may be present at lower
concentration ranges.
UHPLC offers significant advantages in analytical performance, speed,
sensitivity, and resolution. Today's labs must also col aborate with global
partners using a variety of instruments. As a result, flexibility in method
development and transfer has become a key component of success in the
pharmaceutical industry. The application of various mass spectroscopy (MS)
detectors to genotoxic impurity analysis has enabled breakthrough detection
limits of as little as a few hundred ppm. MS-based methods general y provide
additional robustness compared to techniques such as UV alone, due to their
high specificity and sensitivity.
What's Inside? This applications compendium has a number of practical examples that demonstrate how Agilent
can help you in developing cost-effective methods for purity and impurity analysis, reducing analysis
time and solvent consumption while remaining compliant with pharmacopeia guidelines. Example
applications are provided that demonstrate accurate analysis of trace level impurities through the
use of Agilent's highly sensitive LC, LC/MS, GC, GC/MS and SFC solutions.
We have also included a number of additional resources that provide good information related to
purity and impurity profiling. They can be found listed as "Other resources" in the pages that follow.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Interactive file users: click on the titles below to access the appropriate
Systems solutions
Cost-effective method development as per USP/EP
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Eliminate variability in method transfer
Impurity analysis – taking advantage of UHPLC speed
and sensitivity, fast columns, and mass spectrometry
for accurate analysis of trace impurities
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Impurity analysis – taking advantage of UHPLC
speed and sensitivity, fast columns, and mass
spectrometry for accurate analysis of trace
Impurity analysis – identification and quantification
of trace level impurities in the presence of large
amounts of drug substances
Impurity analysis – identification of trace impurities
coeluting with main compounds
Residual solvent analysis as per USP <467>
Residual Solvent Analysis with a Specifically Designed and Tested Agilent J&W DB-Select
624UI for USP <467> Colum
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pub #: 5990-9455ENub# 5990-5140EN
Pub # 5991-1023EN
Liquid Chromatography (LC)
Agilent 1200 Infinity Series LC Systems
Agilent 1200 Infinity Series LC Systems deliver the speed, resolution, flexibility, and
sensitivity necessary for comprehensive purity and impurity analysis. The wide power range
of the 1200 Infinity Series accommodates any particle type, column dimension, or mobile/
stationary phase, while innovative components offer the next level of performance for
UHPLC, RRLC, and HPLC applications. • Multi-method and method development solutions help by reducing repetitive tasks. The
Agilent automated column and mobile phase screening system, and the Method Scouting
Wizard software, al ow you to select up to 8 columns and 26 different solvents using
one-click operation for more than 1000 different test conditions for binary, ternary, or
• Intelligent System Emulation Technology (ISET) lets you emulate any HPLC or UHPLC
instrument in your worldwide network for fast, reliable method transfer between LC
systems – optimal results with no method modification required.
• The ultrasensitive detection of impurities can be optimized using the revolutionary Agilent
Max-Light cartridge cel , with a 60 mm optical path length for even lower detection limits
and higher sensitivity.
• The 1200 Infinity Series High Dynamic Range DAD (HDR/DAD) Solution offers a
30x wider linear UV-range to expand detection capabilities and quantify all sample
components in a single run, making it ideal for the measurement of low-level genotoxic
impurities present in active pharmaceutical ingredients.
• The 1290 Infinity 2D-LC Solution is the perfect tool for your most complex separations.
Powerful new features like peak-triggered operation, shifted gradients, and innovative
valve technology deliver significantly better separation compared to standard one-
dimensional LC.
Agilent 1260 Infinity Analytical SFC Solution
The 1260 Infinity Analytical Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) Solution provides
orthogonal separation power at high speed and unprecedented power range for SFC
separations, LC-like sensitivity and ease of use combined with low cost of ownership
driven by an environmentally friendly separation technology with little toxic solvent
consumption and waste generation.
Learn more at
www.agilent.com/chem/infinity
LC Columns and Supplies
Agilent LC Column Family
Agilent's broad family of LC columns delivers the best choice for your analytical
separations, while facilitating your implementation of pharmacopoeia methods and ongoing
method development. Poroshell 120 provides Fast LC resolution and speed without high backpressure, so you can
use it on older instruments, and transfer easily to the 1260 Infinity LC, to optimize UHPLC
performance up to 600 bar. The Poroshell 120 family has nine phases, including HILIC, and
Fast Guards for UHPLC are available to help extend column life.
ZORBAX Rapid Resolution High Definition (RRHD) columns, 1.8 µm, are stable to 1200
bar so you can get the highest sensitivity and speed from your 1290 Infinity LC. You can
achieve maximum scalability across laboratory development settings, and benefit from
worldwide service and support. Fast Guards for UHPLC are also available for ZORBAX
RRHD columns.
For help finding the best Agilent column for your separation, check out the LC Columns
Navigator for web and mobile devices, at
www.agilent.com/chem/navigator.
Increase Performance and Reduce Costs with Agilent Lamps
Only Agilent lamps are designed to extremely tight quality control specifications, to optimize
the performance of your instrument, increase light intensity and decrease noise. They are
stable, rugged and long lasting to ensure a low cost of ownership. Always choose Agilent
lamps to save time, avoid trouble, and enjoy optimal performance.
Agilent Captiva Premium Syringe Filters
Sample filtration is often avoided during routine pharmaceutical drug analysis due to fear of
drug adsorption on the membrane, as well as the possibility of extractables contaminating
the sample. Agilent Captiva Premium syringe filters eliminate those concerns, so the critical
filtration step can be added back in to your workflow. Our syringe filters are certified to be
free of extractables and demonstrate excel ent recoveries of a variety of drug assays. Our
syringe filters have been demonstrated to be more effective at particulate removal than
centrifugation alone.
Learn more visit us at
www.agilent.com/chem/captiva
LC/MS Systems
Agilent 6100 Series LC/MS Systems
Agilent 6100 Series LC/MS Systems deliver faster acquisition speeds that let you take full
advantage of UHPLC separations. Valuable structural information is provided by variable
energy, in-source fragmentation. Intuitive Agilent ChemStation software lets you set up and
control both LC and MS from a single screen, and integration with MassHunter software
adds analytical power. Even at scan speeds up to 10,000 µ/sec, you get excel ent spectral
quality and accurate isotope ratios for confident identification and confirmation. Agilent Jet
Stream thermal gradient focusing technology is now available on 6130B and 6150B models
for enhanced sensitivity.
Agilent 6400 Series Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometers
Agilent 6400 Series Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometers all offer robust solutions for
busy laboratories, with a fifty-fold increase in sensitivity from the 6420 to the top-of-
the-line 6490 so you can match the system to your requirements. The 6400 Series helps
streamline method development using dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (dMRM),
simplifies method development and ensures consistent ion statistics with constant cycle
times, resulting in reproducible peak area measurements. You can speed up analysis
times with triggered MRM, and combine MRM quantitative analysis with the generation
of a product ion spectrum for library searching and compound confirmation. Powerful
MassHunter Workstation software dramatical y enhances productivity, from method
optimization and data acquisition to data processing and reporting.
Agilent 6500 Series Accurate-Mass Q-TOF
With the Agilent 6500 Series Accurate-Mass Q-TOF, you can achieve femtogram-level
sensitivity using Agilent iFunnel technology, which increases ion transfer rates to achieve
the lowest detection levels of any high-resolution LC/MS instrument. The Agilent 6500
Q-TOF maintains resolution and mass accuracy using ion beam compression and shaping
(IBCS) technology that provides the greatest sensitivity while maintaining 40 k mass
resolution and sub ppm mass accuracy from
m/z 20–10,000. In addition, the in-spectrum
dynamic range of up to 5 orders of magnitude reveals trace-level targets (such as genotoxic
impurities) even in the presence of much more abundant compounds (such as API). The
advanced MassHunter data analysis software features molecular feature extraction (MFE)
and molecular formula generation (MFG), along with molecular structure correlator (MSC)
software, help address your challenges in genotoxic impurity analysis.
Find easy access to LC/MS application notes and published literature for pharma at
Gas Chromatography (GC) and GC/MSStatic headspace gas chromatography and GC-MS are used for USP <467> for residual
solvent analysis. Agilent offers a complete selection of gas chromatography accessories
that al ow you to configure a system that meets the exact needs of your lab. The Agilent 7697A Headspace Autosampler can be configured for 12 or 111 vial
capacity. Configured for 111 vials the 7697A three 36-vial racks can be exchanged while
the instrument is operating, making the 7697A the ideal choice for high-throughput
laboratories. The Agilent 7890B GC System features breakthrough Ultra Inert Flowpath and
Capillary Flow Technology which enables reliable, leak-free in-oven connections, provides
versatile means of analyzing complex matrices and enhances productivity and data
integrity. The Agilent 5977A Series GC/MSD System offers all ionization modes (PCI, NCI
and EI) in one automated sequence using the standard CI source with an Auto CI feature
that makes CI as easy as EI.
Agilent MassHunter Software for MS detection
Agilent MassHunter Software, for MS detection, and Agilent OpenLAB CDS, for FID
detection, both provide the ability to analyze data more efficiently and allows laboratories
to meet FDA 21 CFR Part 11 guidelines if required. Learn more about Agilent GC/MS and MassHunter software at
Agilent J&W GC Columns
Agilent J&W DB-Select 624UI <467> Ultra Inert GC columns are designed specifical y for
United StatesPharmacopeia Method <467>. Equivalent to USP stationary phase G43, this phase is
engineered to provide the best sensitivity and resolution of the critical pairs specified in
USP Method <467> analysis of residual solvents in active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Learn more at
www.agilent.com/chem/UIcolumns
Software and InformaticsAgilent's OpenLAB Software Suite addresses the complete life cycle of scientific
data, including experimental design, data acquisition and analysis, and knowledge
management. OpenLAB is based on an open system architecture that supports multivendor
interoperability and integrates applications, instruments, and data to make your lab
more efficient. The Agilent OpenLAB portfolio includes OpenLAB Chromatography Data
System (CDS), OpenLAB Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN), and OpenLAB Enterprise Content
Manager (ECM) or DataStore to help you capture, analyze, and share information. To
complete your solution, Agilent OpenLAB offers services and support designed to improve
your overall experience, and increase your return on investment.
Learn more at
www.agilent.com/chem/openlab
CrossLab Enterprise Solution, Instrument Services
and Supplies Agilent has combined standard repair,maintenance, and instrument qualification
with dedicated onsite resources, instrument performance data, and decades of asset
management insights to provide a customized service package designed to maximize
laboratory productivity and ROI for laboratory assets.
CrossLab instrument services were developed in-house, based on Agilent's industry leading
design, manufacture, and service of laboratory instruments. Service protocols and delivery
adhere to the same strict performance standards applied to Agilent instruments. Our
proprietary Remote Advisor instrument monitoring and Laboratory Business Intelligence
data management software provide deep insights into asset management and technology
deployment. The end result is the highest scientific instrument productivity for every dol ar
spent on services.
For the major brands of instruments in your lab, order high-quality, compatible GC,
HPLC, and electrochemistry supplies from a name you trust. CrossLab supplies – such as
Ultra Inert liners for your GCs and LC lamps for your HPLCs – will synchronize your lab's
workflow, supply ordering, and productivity. And, Agilent CrossLab Services help you
achieve the highest levels of productivity regardless of instrument manufacturer.
Learn more at
www.agilent.com/chem/crosslab
For more information
Learn more
www.agilent.com/chem/togetherpharma
Buy online at
www.agilent.com
Fina an Agilent customer center in your country
www.agilent.com/chem/wheretobuy
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1-800-227-9770
This information is subject to change without notice.
Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2013
Printed in the USA September 13, 2013
Source: http://www.agilent.co.jp/chem/qccompendium
SSTMP Posters 168 Alveolar echinococcosis: in vitro studies and experimental investigations in vivo identify potential novel treatment option A Hemphil [1] [1]Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland For the chemotherapy of cystic (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), albendazole and mebendazole are presently used for the treatment of non-surgical cases and as a supplementary treatment prior and post-surgery. However, in AE these benzimidazoles do not appear to be parasiticidal in vivo. In addition, failures in drug treatments as wel as the occurrence of side effects have been reported, leading to discontinuation of treatment or to progressive disease. New drugs are needed to cure AE and CE, which must be regarded as neglected diseases. Compounds that are currently being considered to represent novel chemotherapeutical treatment options include broad-spectrum anti-infective or anti-cancer drugs, drugs that interfere in the Echinococcus signal ing pathways, and drugs identified through in silico approaches exploiting the E. multilocularis genome information. Prerequisites to perform efficient in vitro screenings are, (i) optimized large scale in vitro metacestode culture systems, and (ii) reliable assays that al ow higher throughput primary drug testing against metacestodes. In addition, access to a large col ections of potential y interesting compounds is important. More recently, in vitro screening in our laboratory has lead to the identification of several drugs or drug classes, most notably mefloquine-, ozoid- and pentamidine-derivatives, which show interesting capacities to kil the metacestodes. Studies in the mouse model have demonstrated the efficacy of oral application of the anti-malarial compound mefloquine in vivo, and the pentamidine-derivative DB1127, demonstrating that these drugs, or derivatives thereof, could serve as a supplement to the currently very limited arsenal of anti-echinococcal compounds. In addition, investigations have been carried out that lead to the identification of a mefloquine-target in Echinococcus and explore the mechanism of action of mefloquine in the metacestode stage.
Nevirapine- Versus Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based InitialTherapy for HIV-1 Infection among Women in Africa: ARandomized Trial Shahin Lockman1,2,3*, Michael Hughes2, Fred Sawe4, Yu Zheng2, James McIntyre5, Tsungai Chipato6, Aida Asmelash3, Mohammed Rassool7, Sylvester Kimaiyo8, Douglas Shaffer4, Mina Hosseinipour9, Lerato Mohapi10, Francis Ssali11, Margret Chibowa12, Farida Amod13, Elias Halvas14, Evelyn Hogg15,