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The Johns Hopkins
A guide for patients and their families

TABLE OF CONTENTS Understanding Your Heart Minimally Invasive Radiofrequency 35Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation What Are Arrhythmias? Arrhythmia Service at Diagnosing Arrhythmias Johns Hopkins Hospital Treating Arrhythmias Arrhythmia Service at Johns Hopkins 38 Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Bayview Medical Center Arrhythmia Service at Device Lead Extraction Program Howard County General Hospital Johns Hopkins Community Arrhythmia Clinics Center for Inherited Heart Disease Help With Appointments Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Services for You and Your Family Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Directions to Johns Hopkins Atrial Fibrillation and Your Notes and Questions Atrial Tachyarrhythmia Center Important Telephone Numbers

Welcome to Johns Hopkins Welcome to the Johns Hopkins Arrhythmia Service. Our service exists to provide patients with timely as well as accu- rate diagnoses and therapies. We do this by using advanced technologies and working as a team with you, your family and your physician to help you return to your normal daily activi- ties as soon as possible. The Arrhythmia Service began in the early 1970s with two goals: to provide leading-edge clinical care for patients with abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) and conduct research to determine the cause of arrhythmias and develop therapies for patients who have arrhythmia-associated problems. As the first such service in Maryland and one of the first in the United States, the Johns Hopkins Arrhythmia Service rapidly took on a leadership role. An early success was the development and use of the first implantable cardioverter- defibrillator (ICD). In 1980, Dr. Levi Watkins first implanted best clinical care this device, invented by Drs. Michel Mirowski and Morton possible for all of Mower, in a patient who had experienced numerous episodes of life-threatening arrhythmias. Since then, ICDs have saved hundreds of thousands of lives and are currently recognized as everything we do the most effective treatment to prevent sudden cardiac death. starts from that Doctors on our Arrhythmia Service also focus their efforts on catheter ablation, a minimally invasive technique that can cure a number of arrhythmias. Other areas of major interest include Hugh Calkins, M.D. the causes and treatment of atrial fibrillation, the evaluation and management of syncope, the diagnosis and treatment of inheritable arrhythmias such as arrhythmogenic right ventricu- lar dysplasia, the prevention and treatment of both common and rare problems that may cause sudden cardiac death, device therapy for monitoring and treatment of congestive heart failure, as well as further improving pacemaker and ICD lead extraction therapy.
Our physicians, nurses and technologists are available to explain tests and procedures to you and your family, answer your questions, and guide you as you proceed through the diagnostic and treatment process. Some of your questions may be answered by the information we have assembled here Don't hesitate to ask questions: Understanding your care is an important part of a complete recovery. Hugh Calkins, M.D., FACC, FHRS, FAHA Nicholas J. Fortuin M.D. Professor of Cardiology Professor of Medicine Director, Arrhythmia Service and Electrophysiology Laboratory

The Johns Hopkins Arrhythmia Service Electrophysiology is the study of electrical activity in the heart, that is, how the heart beats. Our doctors are cardiologists who specialize in the electrical system of the heart. Cardiac electro-physiologists (arrhythmia specialists) rely on a patient's medical history and the results of a variety of procedures to diagnose heart rhythm abnormalities. Once the electrical disorder is diagnosed, the arrhythmia specialist works with your doctor to determine the risk posed by the heart rhythm abnormality and recommend treatment. Together, you, your primary care doctor or general cardiologist, and the arrhythmia specialist decide on the most ap-propriate treatment for you.

Understanding Your Heart The heart is a four-chambered muscle that pumps blood, which carries oxygen and nu-trients throughout the body. The two upper chambers of the heart, the right atrium and the left atrium, receive and collect the blood, and the lower chambers, the right and left ventricles, pump the blood. Specifically, the right atrium receives oxygen-depleted blood from the body and the right ventricle pumps it through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen. At the same time, " I take pride in our the left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood ability to tackle not from the lungs and the left ventricle pumps just routine cardiac it through a large artery, called the aorta, to procedures but rare the rest of the body. and complex ones as well." Ronald Berger, M.D., Ph.D. Co-Director

Blood is pumped through the heart via muscle contractions, which must be electrically stimulated. In a normally functioning heart, the electrical signal starts in the upper right chamber of the heart in the sinus node, often referred to as the heart's natural pacemaker. This signal causes the upper chambers, the atria, to contract and squeeze blood into the lower chambers, the ventricles. The signal then travels to the atrioven-ticular (AV) node, located between the atria and the ventricles, where it is delayed for a fraction of a second. This delay allows the ventricles to fill completely with blood. The electrical impulse then travels rapidly through the bundle of His and then the right and left bundle branches.
Left Bundle Branch Right Bundle Branch

Once the lower chambers are filled, the electrical impulse moves through a network of specialized fibers (the right and left bundles) that stimulate the ventricles to contract and pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body. Normally, the heart's electrical system triggers the heart to beat in this precise sequence approximately 60 to 100 times each minute while resting. This is referred to as normal sinus rhythm. The heart rate will normally increase to above 100 times per minute with exercise.
Normal Sinus Rhythm
What Are Arrhythmias? An arrhythmia is an abnormality in the timing or pattern of the heartbeat. Arrhythmias may cause the heart to beat too rapidly, too slowly or irregu-larly. They are common and may cause a wide variety of symptoms, such as a racing, skipping or fluttering sensation (called palpitations) in your chest. Cardiac arrhythmias also may cause light-headedness, fainting, chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue or no symptoms at all. Many types of arrhyth-mia are merely nuisances; other types may be serious problems because they cause the patient to develop heart failure, pass out or even die suddenly when the heart beats too slowly or too rapidly to pump blood to the body. Our electrophysiology labs are equipped with state-of-the-art 3-D electroanatomic com- puterized mapping equipment and biplane fluoroscopy to facilitate complex catheter abla- tions and reduce the amount of X-ray exposure. The doctor routinely meets with the patient beforehand to explain the procedure and answer any questions.
There are four major kinds of arrhythmia 1. Irregular or Extra Heartbeats Irregular or extra heartbeats happen when an electrical signal starts some place other than the sinus node and causes the heart to beat out of rhythm. Depending on the precise timing of the extra heartbeat, patients may experience an "extra beat," a "skipped beat," a "forceful beat" or a "fluttering" sensation. Many patients are com-pletely unaware that they are experiencing extra heartbeats. Even completely healthy people have irregular or extra heartbeats once in a while. Usually, they are nothing to worry about. In some cases, however, irregular or extra beats can cause bother-some symptoms or may lead to other types of sustained rapid heart rhythms.
Premature Ventricular Contraction
FOUR MAJOR kINDS OF ARRHYTHMIA 2. Supraventricular TachycardiaSupraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a series of rapid heartbeats that begin in or involve the upper chambers (atria) of the heart. SVT can cause the heart to beat very rapidly or erratically. As a result, the heart may beat inefficiently, and the body may receive an inadequate blood supply. There are three major types of SVT.
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation results from the rapid and uncoordinated firing of electrical
impulses from multiple sites in the upper chambers, which causes ineffective atrial
contractions. Some of these impulses travel to the ventricles, resulting in irregular,
erratic (chaotic) and rapid heart rhythm. Atrial fibrillation is the most common
type of SVT, affecting nearly 3 million people in the United States alone. Atrial
fibrillation occurs most commonly in patients over 50 years of age and those who
have other types of heart disease. Sometimes, atrial fibrillation occurs in young,
otherwise healthy individuals. Atrial fibrillation can cause a wide variety of symp-
toms and can also increase the risk of developing a stroke. As a result, patients
who have atrial fibrillation often require treatment with medications or catheter
ablation procedures. Treatment with a blood thinner such as coumadin or one
of the newer anticoagulant medications is also recommended to lower the risk of
stroke.
Atrial Flutter and Atrial Tachycardia
"Typical atrial flutter" results from a single "short circuit" in the right atrium.
This short-circuit causes the atria to beat at about 300 beats per minute while
the lower chamber of the heart (the ventricles) beat at a slower rate (often 75
to 150 beats per minute). Like atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter occurs most com-
monly in elderly patients and those with other types of heart disease. It also can
cause a wide variety of symptoms and increase the risk of developing a stroke.
Treatment options include various types of medications as well as catheter abla-
tion, which cures the problem in most patients.
Less commonly, a patient may have "atypical atrial flutter," which results from a short circuit in an unusual location like the left atrium or near scar tissue. Some patients have atrial tachycardia, a rapidly firing focus which may originate from either atria. These arrhythmias also usually warrant medical therapy or complex catheter ablation.
Four major kinds oF arrhythmia • SuPRAVeNTRicuLAR TAcHycARDiA Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is another type of "short circuit"
arrhythmia. It may result from either atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia
(AVNRT) or from an accessory pathway, which may occur as part of the Wolff-
Parkinson-White syndrome.
PSVT may occur at any age and commonly occurs in patients who have no other types of heart disease. Patients with PSVT typically describe a rapid, or racing, regular heartbeat (between 130 and 230 beats per minute) that starts and stops abruptly. It is commonly misdiagnosed as a panic attack. With the exception of some patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, PSVT generally is not a dangerous arrhythmia. However, it can result in debilitating symptoms. Treatment options include a variety of drugs or catheter ablation, which cures the problem in most patients. In AVNRT, a small extra pathway exists in or near the AV node. If an electrical impulse enters this pathway, it may start traveling in a circular pattern that causes the heart to abruptly start beating fast and regular.
PSVT: Atrioventricular
Nodal Re-entrant Tachycardia
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome occurs when there is an extra connection between the atria and ventricles (accessory pathway). The presence of this sec-ond connection between the atria and ventricles is a setup for developing a "short circuit" arrhythmia: Electrical impulses may start traveling in a circular pattern and cause the heart to beat too rapidly (AVRT: atrioventricular recipro-cating tachycardia). Under rare circumstances, patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome can develop an extremely rapid heart rhythm abnormality that may be life-threatening.
Accessory Pathway PSVT: Atrioventricular Reciprocating
Tachycardia (AVRT)
Four major kinds oF arrhythmia • VeNTRicuLAR TAcHycARDiA 3. Ventricular TachycardiaVentricular tachycardia (VT) is a series of rapid heartbeats that originate in the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles). As a result, the heart may beat ineffi-ciently, and the body may receive an inadequate blood supply. Ventricular tachycar-dia most often occurs when the heart muscle has been damaged by a heart attack or some other disease, creating abnormal electrical pathways in the ventricles.
This type of tachycardia may last only a few beats and cause no problems; how-ever, it may continue and lead to life-threatening arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Treatment options include medications, catheter ablation or placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).
Ventricular Tachycardia
4. BradycardiaBradycardia is a slow heart rate, when the heart beats less than 60 beats per min-ute. In some patients who are otherwise healthy, the heartbeat may slow to less than 60 beats per minute while resting or sleeping. This usually causes no symp-toms and does not require treatment. In other patients, bradycardia may occur due to age-related wear and tear on the heart or some other heart disease and may cause undue fatigue, lightheadedness or fainting (syncope). There are two basic types of bradycardia. Sick sinus syndrome occurs when the sinus node (the heart's own pacemaker) fails and does not reliably trigger heartbeats. This is very common in elderly per-sons but may occur at any age. Heart block is a complete or partial interruption of the electrical impulses on their way to the ventricles and results in a slow, unreliable heartbeat. Heart block may be present at birth, may result from other types of heart disease (after a heart attack for example), or may be due to age-related wear and tear on the heart's electrical system. Permanent pacemakers can be implanted to prevent patients from experiencing symptoms due to a slow heart beat.
Sinus Bradycardia/Sick Sinus Syndrome Diagnosing Arrhythmias If an abnormal heart rhythm is suspected, your doctor may recommend one or more tests to diagnose the arrhythmia and determine if it is caus-ing your symptoms. These tests may include an electrocardiogram (ECG, also identified as an EkG), a special type of ECG called a signal-averaged ECG (SAECG), a Holter monitor, an event monitor, an exercise stress test, a tilt table test or an electrophysiology (EP) study.
eP studies involve positioning electrode catheters (wires) into the heart from a large vein in the leg guided by fluoroscopic imaging (x-ray).
ElectrocardiogramAn electrocardiogram (ECG) is a simple test that traces the electrical activity of your heart. During an ECG, you lie flat on a table, connected to an ECG machine with wires taped to your chest, arms and legs. The test is painless and takes only a few min-utes. The ECG produces a printout that doctors can examine to diagnose arrhythmias or other types of heart disease. Holter MonitoringHolter monitoring is a continuous ECG recording, usually for 24 to 48 hours, while you go about your normal daily activities. It is useful to detect arrhythmias that may not occur during a resting ECG. During Holter monitoring, wires are connected to your chest and attached to a small recording device that you carry with you. If you experience any symptoms, you are asked to push a button and record your symp-toms so that your heart rhythm at the time of your symptoms can be determined. An arrhythmia specialist will later analyze the electrical recordings to determine what your actual heart rhythm was at the time that you were experiencing your symptoms and also whether any asymptomatic abnormal heart rhythms occurred while you were wearing the Holter monitor.
Event MonitorsEvent monitors are similar to Holter monitors but they do not record the heart rhythm continuously. Event monitors only record the heart rhythm when an abnor-mally fast or slow heartbeat occurs or when you activate them. They typically are used for one or two months, during which you are instructed to trigger the device and record your symptoms if symptoms occur. Once a recording is obtained, the ECG tracing can be transmitted over the phone to a monitoring station that will analyze the ECG recording and send it to your arrhythmia specialist for interpretation. Implantable MonitorThe implantable monitor is a small device that is inserted under the skin (similar to a pacemaker) and functions like an event monitor. This device is typically recom-mended for patients who have passing-out spells every three to 12 months and in whom other tests have not determined a cause. The technique involved with insert-ing this monitor is similar to a pacemaker insertion. However, the incision is smaller, no wires need to be placed in the heart and the pro-cedure is usually performed on an The latest generation of implantable monitor is no larger than a few sticks of gum. outpatient basis. Exercise Stress TestSome arrhythmias only occur while a patient is exercising. Because of this, your doc-tor may recommend an exercise stress test (or treadmill test). During this test, you briskly walk or jog on a treadmill while hooked up to an ECG machine. This allows your arrhythmia specialist to determine if you are experiencing any arrhythmias while exercising and also determine if you have evidence of a blocked heart artery.
Echocardiogram and Transesophageal EchocardiogramAn echocardiogram is a noninvasive, painless test that allows cardiologists to see if your heart is functioning normally or if it is enlarged or weakened or has a dam-aged valve. Ultrasound waves are directed through the chest to the heart. The echoes of the sound waves are processed and used to produce images of the heart. Additionally, a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) may be performed by hav-ing you swallow the ultrasound probe (following numbing medication to the throat and appropriate sedation). The TEE provides close-up images of the heart from the esophagus. This technique is an excellent way to search for blood clots in the atria. Your physician may request that you have a TEE prior to an electrical cardioversion or catheter ablation. Most patients tolerate this test quite well. MRI ScanMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a painless means of evaluating the heart's structure and function. It can sometimes detect rare heart conditions (such as arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and cardiac sarcoidosis) and involves no radiation. MRI scans are obtained routinely prior to many types of catheter abla-tion procedures including catheter ablation for treatment of ventricular tachycar-dia and catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. It is also now possible to use MRI imaging to guide some types of catheter ablation procedures in order to avoid radiation exposure.
CT Scan Computed tomography (CT) scanning is performed by taking high-resolution X-ray images using a multislice scanner. This advanced imaging can detect coronary artery disease, evaluate congenital heart disease, and may be used to evaluate a patient's heart prior to a complex catheter ablation procedure. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Implanted Cardiac Pacemakers and Defibrillators.
Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful diagnostic test for patients with various kinds of medical problems. In the past, MRI was not allowed in patients with implanted cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators. Thanks to the research efforts of several physicians and researchers, including those at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, MRI can now be safely performed in many patients with implanted cardiac devices. Many hundreds of patients with implanted pacemakers and defibrillators have safely undergone MRI at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, where this procedure is now considered the standard of care.
" I'm keen on developing the new technology Patients with implanted cardiac pacemakers and defibrilla- necessary to forgo tors who need an MRI procedure must have their device fully radiation exposure tested and reprogrammed to MRI-safe settings before enter-ing the MRI room. During the procedure, the patient's EkG for many cardiac is continuously monitored by a doctor or nurse who has been specially trained in both MRI safety and cardiac device man-agement. Following the MRI, the pacemaker or defibrillator is Henry Halperin, M.D., M.A. retested to ensure that no damage to the device occurred dur-ing the MRI procedure, and the patient's original device set-tings are restored.
Please contact the scheduling office to arrange an MRI for a patient who has a pacemaker or ICD.
Tilt Table TestA tilt table test can help diagnose an abnormality of blood pressure regulation causing "fainting," which is referred to by a variety of names, including neurally mediated syncope, neuro-cardiogenic syncope or vasovagal syncope. During the tilt table test, an intravenous (IV) line is placed in your arm and ECG wires are attached to your chest. You then lie flat on a table for 10 to 15 minutes while your heart rate and blood pressure are monitored. At that point, the table is tilted upright so that you are in an almost standing position. You are asked to remain still for 30 to 45 minutes while your heart rate and blood pressure are monitored. If you have a normal response, you may receive medication through your IV and have the test repeated. If your symptoms are provoked by the tilt test, the team notes your heart's rhythm and your blood pressure before returning the tilt table to the flat posi-tion. You will recover quickly after the test and should be able to return home soon after. Electrophysiology StudySome arrhythmias are difficult to diagnose and may require an electrophysi-ology (EP) study. An EP study is often used to evaluate patients who have "fainted" or have experienced an abnormal rapid heart rhythm. This test may be recommended for patients who have impaired heart function and intermit-tent extra heartbeats, even if they are not experiencing symptoms. In other circumstances, patients with an inherited cardiac condition may undergo an EP study as part of their risk assessment. In these cases, the EP study may identify patients who are at high risk of developing a serious arrhythmia indicating the need for preventive treatment. In an EP study, the electro-physiologist inserts several intravenous (IV) lines into large veins. The electrophysiologist then passes several electrical catheters through the IVs and guides them into the heart using X-ray imaging. This allows the electrophysiologist to examine the electrical activity inside your heart to determine if and why the rhythm is abnormal. Once that is known, your physician can prescribe the most effective treatment. electrical catheters are inserted into a vein in the leg and are positioned to record the electrical activity inside the heart. During an electrophysiology study, electrophysiologists perform a comprehensive evaluation of the heart's electrical system.
Your doctor will discuss preparation for the test. In general, you should not eat or drink after midnight the night before the study. Check with your doctor about taking your normal medications. During the study, you will lie on an X-ray table with a blood pressure cuff on your arm, a clip on your finger to monitor your oxygen level, and wires on your legs, arms and chest to check your heart rate. The nurse will give you medication for sedation and to minimize discomfort before and during the procedure.
The sites where the doctor will be working will be cleaned and shaved. You will be covered with sterile drapes from your shoulders to your feet. Then the doctor will numb the area on your leg or neck where the wires will be inserted. The wires will be passed through the veins toward the heart. You may feel pressure, but you should not feel any sharp pain. Once the catheters are in position, they are con-nected to a computer that produces internal ECGs.
The catheters are used to record and stimulate electrical activity. You may feel your heart beating faster than normal, a skipped beat, or familiar symptoms such as dizziness or palpitations. The EP study usually lasts one to three hours.
Once the study is complete, the wires and IVs are removed and pressure is applied to the numbed area for five to 10 minutes to prevent bleeding. You then must rest in bed for three to four hours with your leg(s) straight. You can eat and drink when you are awake. During recovery, your nurse will record your blood pressure, check the area where the IVs were, and monitor your heart rhythm regularly. If you are an outpatient, you may leave after a short recovery period, but you will need someone to drive you home. You should avoid heavy lifting or other vigorous activities for three days after the procedure.
Depending on the results of your EP study, your doctors may recommend a change in medication, catheter ablation, implantation of a pacemaker or defi-brillator to manage your heart's rhythms, or more diagnostic tests.
computers assist electrophysiologists in pinpointing the exact cause of arrhythmia.
Treating Arrhythmias Treatment options for patients with arrhythmias include medication, catheter ablation, and placement of a pacemaker or ICD.
Catheter Ablation Catheter ablation is a procedure that is used to destroy (ablate) areas of the heart which are causing arrhyth-mias. In a radiofrequency ablation, electrophysiologists pinpoint the area and then use radio wave energy to "cauterize" the tiny part of the heart muscle causing the abnormal heart rhythm. Catheter ablation plays an important role in the management of most types of cardiac arrhythmias.
The procedure is done in the EP lab under the direc-tion of a team of highly trained doctors, nurses and technologists. Using X-rays as a guide, the doctor will pass several small catheters through veins in the groin " Catheter ablation plays or neck and position them in the area that is interfering an important role in the with the heart's normal electrical activity. A diagnostic management of all types of EP study (previously described) is always performed cardiac arrhythmias." as part of the catheter ablation procedure to accurately diagnose the heart rhythm abnormality. Three dimen-sional mapping, using a previously acquired MRI or Hiroshi Ashikaga, M.D. CT scan, may sometimes be required as determined by your physician. If one of the many arrhythmias that are curable with ablation is identi- fied, a catheter is guided to the site of the abnormal heart rhythm. Thermal energy (extreme heat) or cryoen- ergy (extreme cold) through the cath- eter to this site Accessory the problem- three to five hours.
Catheter Ablation of an Accessory Pathway
You should avoid eating or drinking anything after midnight the night before the study except for your normal medications, unless otherwise directed by your doctor or nurse. Once you are at the EP lab, a nurse will place an IV in your hand or arm so that you can receive fluids and medications. During the procedure, you will lie on a pad-ded X-ray table. You will have a blood pres-sure cuff on your arm, a clip on your finger to monitor oxygen, and wires on your legs, arms and chest to check your heart rate. The nurse will give you pain medication and a seda- " Management of patients tive. The amount of sedation is adjusted for with implanted devices and patient comfort. The area of your chest and groin where the doctor will be working will performing lead extractions be cleaned and shaved, and you will be cov- are of particular interest to ered with sterile drapes from your shoulders to your feet. The doctor will give you a small needle to numb the area where the catheters John Rickard, M.D. will be inserted.
When you arrive on Zayed 5, you will register at the reception area and check in at the kiosk.
When patients are done with their procedure, they need to lie quietly for several hours, but can eat and drink and enjoy a good television show. Nurses check on patients routinely to make sure they have everything they need.
Once the problem area of the heart is "knocked out," the catheters will be removed and pressure will be applied to the area to stop any bleeding. After the procedure, you need to rest in bed for three to six hours without bending your leg(s). Your nurse will take your blood pressure regularly, check the area where the wires were and monitor your heart rhythm. You may experience soreness as the anesthetic wears off, so do not hesitate to ask for pain medication. Tell your doc-tor or nurse immediately if you notice bleeding, swelling or undue discomfort in the area where the catheters were inserted. Most catheter ablation procedures are performed on an outpatient basis. However, depending on the specific procedure and the time the procedure is performed, you may spend one or two nights in the hospital. Avoid heavy lifting or excessive exercise for three days after the procedure. Catheter ablation is a safe therapy; however, any invasive procedure carries unique risks. These risks will be reviewed with you before the procedure.
Antiarrhythmic MedicationsAntiarrhythmic medications are commonly used to treat heart arrhythmias. These medications alter the electrical properties of the heart either directly by affecting the electrical currents in the heart or indirectly by blocking the effects of adrenaline or improving blood flow to the heart. There are many types of antiarrhythmic medications. The most common are beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and digoxin. Other frequently prescribed antiarrhythmic drugs (in alphabetical order) include amiodarone, disopyramide, dofetilide, dronedar-one, flecainide, propafenone and sotalol. Although " I've trained at antiarrhythmic medications are effective in treating several prominent many types of heart arrhythmias, they can also cause a variety of minor and major side effects.
institutions in the After completing your evaluation, your doctor country but chose will decide if you would benefit from treatment to stay at Hopkins with an antiarrhythmic medication. The risks and for its camaraderie benefits of this medication will be discussed. Your doctor will also discuss with you whether antiar- rhythmic therapy is your only treatment option or whether other treatment options such as catheter ablation or device therapy are feasible. It is impor- AV Kolandaivelu, M.D. tant to be sure that your new antiarrhythmic medi-cation does not interact with any of the medications you may currently be receiving. Please feel free to ask any questions which you might have.
Cardiac PacemakersA pacemaker is used primarily to correct some types of bradycardia, or slow heart rhythms. The pacemaker is implanted in the body, usually below the collarbone, where it monitors the heart rhythm and triggers an electrical impulse if the heart is beating too slowly. The pacemaker is composed of a small, titanium-encased pulse generator that contains a lithium battery and electrical circuitry attached to one, two or three leads (wires) that are inserted into the heart. Pacemaker pulse generators are checked two to three times a year and must be replaced every five to 10 years.
Pacemaker implantation takes about one to three hours in the electrophysiology lab. A 1- to 2-inch incision is made beneath the collarbone and a small "pocket" is created for the pulse generator under the skin. The leads are inserted into the heart through a large vein that runs under the collarbone. Once the leads are positioned in the heart, they are attached to the pulse generator. During the procedure, the nurse will give you pain medication and a seda-tive to be certain you are comfortable.
You will receive detailed follow-up instructions before you leave the hospital. It is important that you follow these instructions and call your doctor or nurse with any ques-tions. You will also need to carry a pacemaker ID card with you. It contains useful, manufacturer-spe-cific details regarding your device for medical personnel.
Permanent Pacemaker Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (ICDs)ICDs are commonly used to treat patients who may experience or have experienced a potentially dan-gerous ventricular arrhythmia. These devices con-tinuously monitor the heartbeat and automatically deliver a small electrical shock to the heart if a sus-tained rapid heart rhythm occurs. The shock may cause momentary discomfort, which is described by some patients as being "kicked in the chest." ICDs also function as pacemakers and can be used to treat both slow and fast heart rhythm abnormalities. ICDs must be checked every three to four months and replaced every four to eight years.
The ICD is composed of a titani- um-encased pulse generator (the size of a small box of raisins) that con-tains a lithium battery and electrical circuitry and capacitors attached to one, two or three leads (wires) that are inserted into the heart. It moni-tors heartbeats and when appropriate it generates a small electrical impulse to pace the heart or a large electrical impulse to shock the heart.
One of the new advances in ICDs is the development of a totally subcutaneous ICD that does not involve having leads inserted into your heart. Our electrophysi-ologists will discuss whether this type of ICD is the best option for you.
The technique used to insert an ICD is almost identical to implanting a pacemak-er. It is performed in the electrophysiology lab and takes two to three hours. A 2-inch incision is made beneath the collarbone and a small "pocket" under the skin is cre-ated for the pulse generator. The leads are inserted into the heart through a large vein that runs under the collarbone. Once the inc. All rights reserved leads are positioned in the heart, they are attached to the pulse generator. Then your abnormal heart rhythm is deliberately triggered to determine how much energy is required to shock the heart back into normal rhythm. This allows the ICD to be optimally adjusted. During the proce-dure, the nurse will give you pain medication and a sedative to be certain you are comfortable. When the ICD is tested, you are fully asleep. You will receive detailed follow-up instructions before you leave the hospital. It is important that you follow these instructions and call your doctor or nurse with any questions. You will also need to carry an ID card with you, which can inform medical personnel of important, manufacturer-specific details regarding your device. You may also need to show your ID card to security personnel because the device may set off secu-rity devices in airports and other high-security areas. The risks associated with placement of an ICD are low and will be discussed in detail with you before the procedure. Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy " Some physicians dread tough cases, In recent years, new technology has been developed for patients with both advanced heart failure and mechani- relished a clinical cal "dyssynchrony." Dyssynchrony occurs when the right side of the heart beats out of step with the left side of the heart as identified on electrocardiogram (or wouldn't be here echocardiogram.) These devices consist of a pacemaker or an ICD connected to three wires that are placed in the right atrium, right ventricle and coronary sinus—a Alan Cheng, M.D. large vein behind the left ventricle (see diagram). With pacing from three distinct locations "in synchrony," the weakened heart can often beat more effectively, result-ing in improved quality of life and length of life. The surgical techniques and potential complications are similar to conven-tional pacemaker or ICD insertions albeit higher due to the added com-plexity of placing the special third wire on the left side of the heart. Johns Hopkins has played an impor-tant role in the development of inc. All rights reserved resynchronization therapy for the treatment of heart failure patients.
cardiac Resynchronization Pacemaker-Defibrillator Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Ablation ProgramVentricular tachycardia can be treated with medica-tions, catheter ablation, and/or with an implantable defibrillator. Catheter ablation involves using com-puterized mapping to identify the site of origin of the VT or premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Once identified, ablation energy is applied to treat this arrhythmia. For some types of VT we have to apply ablation energy to the outside of the heart using an epicardial approach. Johns Hopkins has a specialized program focused on performing this procedure. We commonly use computerized mapping techniques " I have a particular interest combined with CT or MRI imaging to achieve the in treating ventricular best outcomes. When you meet with one of our elec- arrhythmias with catheter trophsyiologists they can provide more details on the procedure and the anticipated outcomes for a particu- ablation techniques. Use of lar type of ventricular tachycardia.
MR imaging is transforming how these procedures are being performed. " Device Lead Extraction Program Saman Nazarian, M.D. Although pacemakers and ICD pulse generators need to be replaced every four to 10 years, the leads (wires) that connect the device to the heart usually remain in place forever. Under rare circumstances, these leads will have to be removed. The most com-mon reason for this is the development of an infec-tion on the leads. This type of infection is nearly impossible to treat with antibiotics, so it may be necessary to remove (extract) the leads. Lead failure is another reason why an implanted lead may need to be removed from the body. Leads that have been in place less than six months usually can be removed without much difficulty or risk. However, leads that have been in place for many years may require a spe-cial laser-cutting sheath to free them from the wall of the heart. Although similar to having a pacemaker or ICD implanted, lead extraction is more difficult and " As an interventionalist, my is associated with a greater chance of complications. In the unlikely event that you require this procedure, you considerable experience will be provided with more details about the procedure in lead extraction and that are unique to your case.
interventional management Johns Hopkins offers the largest and most experi- of coronary artery disease enced comprehensive program focused on lead extrac-tion in this region of the country. Lead extraction pro- supports the efforts of the cedures are all performed in our new state-of-the-art hybrid operating room with cardiac surgical backup.
Jeffrey Brinker, M.D. CardioversionCardioversion is a common procedure to shock the heart back into rhythm. Most patients who undergo a cardio-version procedure have either atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. The procedure is done in the electrophysiology lab under the direction of a team of highly trained doctors, nurses and technologists. You should avoid eating or drinking anything after midnight the night before the study except for your nor-mal medications, unless otherwise directed by your doctor or nurse. Most patients who undergo this procedure are placed on a blood thinner, such as coumadin, for at least four weeks before and following cardioversion.
In some situations, your doctor may recommend that " One of my interests you have a special type of echocardiogram, called a trans- is the use of advanced esophageal echocardiogram, immediately before your car- dioversion to be certain there are no blood clots in your magnetic resonance heart before shocking.
Once at the EP lab, a nurse will place an IV in your imaging to identify hand or arm so that you can receive fluids and medica- young individuals who tions. During the procedure, you will lie on a padded are at risk of sudden table. You will have a blood pressure cuff on your arm, a cardiac arrest due to clip on your finger to make sure you are getting enough oxygen, and ECG electrodes and two large patches on rare inherited forms of the chest. The electrodes and patches monitor the heart rhythm and are also used to deliver a safe, controlled shock to the chest to restore normal rhythm. Harikrishna Tandri, M.D. Once you are fully asleep, a shock is delivered to your chest to restore normal rhythm. During recovery, your nurse will record your blood pressure and monitor your heart rhythm regularly. You can eat and drink when you are awake. If you are an outpatient, you may leave after a short recovery period, but you will need someone to drive you home. You can resume full activities one day follow-ing the procedure. Arrhythmia Device ClinicsInserting the hardware of pacemakers, defibrilla-tors, biventricular pacemaker-defibrillators and implantable monitors is only part of complete care. The other part is monitoring and programming the device software over the long term. This aspect is crucial for optimizing the performance of many of today's remarkably sophisticated pacemakers and ICDs. Battery status and the intra-cardiac leads are routinely checked to remedy any potential problems that might be of future clinical concern. As well, clinical episodes with recorded arrhythmias can be found quickly and accurately reviewed such as the case with ICD shocks. In addition to "interrogat- arrhythmia devices ing" patients' devices in the hospital or clinic, Johns shouldn't restrict Hopkins is rapidly adopting technology that facili-tates reliable, useful and secure Web-based "remote lives but improve anlaysis" from a patient's home or workplace thus reducing frequent in-person check-ups, even from follow-up should Pacemakers routinely require computer program- mer checks every three to six months. Defibrillators are normally checked every three to four months. Implantable monitors are often checked every three Sunil Sinha, M.D. months or as symptoms dictate. If concerns arise over a device's performance or a new clinical devel-opment occurs (such as syncope or ICD shocks), a rapid appointment is expedited.
Johns Hopkins is dedicated to maintaining com- prehensive, timely and effective device follow-up. Fully dedicated arrhythmia device clinics are located at both The Johns Hopkins Hospital and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center. Several Johns Hopkins community cardiology clinics also provide periodic arrhythmia device checks.
PediatricsThe pediatric electrophysiology program at The Johns Hopkins Hospital specializes in the evaluation and treat-ment of heart rhythm disorders and syncope (fainting) in children. Although the range of diagnostic tests and treatment options available to children with arrhythmias is similar to those for adults, we recognize that children are not merely "small adults." The pediatric electrophysiology program provides the same high-quality care as the adult program and has physicians and nurses who are specially trained in the care of children with rhythm disorders. Successful treatment of irregular heart rhythms in children requires that doctors understand the types of " Children are not arrhythmias seen in children as well as developmental just small adults. issues that may affect them. Pediatric electrophysiologists They have special also have an in-depth knowledge of the types of heart needs, both physical rhythm problems often associated with congenital heart disease. The special needs of children and their families and emotional, and are addressed throughout the evaluation and treatment careful planning is process, with extra attention given to age-appropriate crucial to ensure that explanations and ways to make children comfortable they get the great care during procedures. Jane Crosson, M.D. Children get a special walk-through before their pro- cedure to make the high-tech electrophysiology lab less intimidating. Nurses and technologists are adept at help-ing young patients relax, and Dr. Jane Crosson, a pediatric electrophysiologist at Hopkins, is always available to check in before the procedure.
Center for Inherited Heart DiseaseClinicians are increasingly coming to recognize uncommon forms of heart disease as common causes of arrhythmias in often young and athletic persons. Some of these diseases have been characterized on a genetic basis, including hyper-trophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD/C), which may be inherited in either a familial manner or as a spontaneous occur-rence. Johns Hopkins is playing a leading role in perform-ing research, diagnosis, counseling and treatment of these complex genetic conditions. Johns Hopkins has established the Center for Inherited Heart Disease to help facilitate the genetic and clinical evaluation of patients with inherited " Pursuing research at the types of heart disease. In addition to this program, Johns cellular and molecular Hopkins has programs focused on ARVD/C and HCM.
levels has convinced me that significant progress in our understanding Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and management of cardiac arrhythmias Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (often called HCM) is a condition associated with the abnormal thickening of part Gordon Tomaselli, M.D. or all of the heart muscle. It often affects young individu-als and may not cause many symptoms but could result in sudden death. People with HCM have unique needs and require specialized care over a wide range of medical expertise targeted toward relieving symptoms, preventing complications and exploring surgical options.
Special facilities available through the Johns Hopkins Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinic include access to specialists in HCM management, echocardiography, mag-netic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, genotyping and genetic counseling, noninvasive risk assessment for sudden death, defibrillator implantation, percutaneous alcohol septal ablation, surgical myectomy and cardiac transplan-tation. Patients and relatives are also offered voluntary enrollment in a variety of ongoing research projects.
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/ Cardiomyopathy ProgramArrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is a rare inher-ited heart condition primarily affecting the lower right heart chamber (ventricle). Over time, the healthy heart muscle is replaced with fatty, fibrofatty, and scar tissue which often results in abnormal heartbeats called Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) or Ventricular Tachycardia (VT). ARVD/C most commonly presents in young, apparently healthy and especially athletic people. The most common symptoms are palpitations and syncope (fainting) and less commonly, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. ARVD/C is a genetic condition, and results from an abnormality in the protein structures that con-nect heart muscle cells together. This results in abnormalities in cell-to-cell communica-tion and structural support. Diagnosing ARVD/C is often very difficult because there is no single test that can either establish or exclude this condition. The diagnosis is based upon meeting a set of major and minor criteria that take into account both electrical and structural abnormali-ties, as well as family history and genetic mutation status. An evaluation for ARVD/C might include the following: ECG, signal averaged ECG, exercise stress test, echocar-diogram, cardiac MRI, Holter monitor, electrophysiology study, etc. Approximately 50-60% of patients diagnosed with ARVD/C will have an identifiable genetic mutation. There is no known cure for ARVD/C; however, there are treatment options available with the primary goal of preventing sudden cardiac death, managing arrhythmias, and slowing structural disease. The majority of patients diagnosed with ARVD/C are treated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Catheter ablation also plays a very important role in the management of ventricular arrhythmias. Johns Hopkins has one of the largest worldwide experiences with catheter ablation of VT in patients with ARVD/C.
The Johns Hopkins Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy Program was developed to provide specialized evaluation and care of patients with ARVD/C. An appointment may involve diagnosis, second opinion, and/or management guidelines. Genetic counselors are available to work with patients and their families to determine the genetic cause of their ARVD/C through current genetic testing options and identify and screen at-risk family members. The program also focuses on research that will help address the many unanswered questions about ARVD/C. Visit www.
ARVD.com or call the genetic counselors at 410-502-7161 for more information or to schedule an appointment.
Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Tachyarrhythmia CenterThe Johns Hopkins Hospital has established a cen-ter that is focused on the evaluation and treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and also patients with complex atrial tachyarrhythmia such as atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia. Much of our current emphasis is on catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation is a procedure developed over the past decade that allows treatment of AF using catheters inserted from the leg. Catheter ablation procedures are performed in a catheterization laboratory. The most commonly used approach for cath- " State-of-the-art 3-D eter ablation of AF involves the creation of continuous computerized mapping circumferential lesions around the two right and the two is extremely helpful for left pulmonary veins in the left atrium. The end point the most challenging for this type of ablation procedure is the electrical isola-tion of the pulmonary veins. This is the technique used atrial arrhythmia most widely at Johns Hopkins. We also offer cryobal- ablation procedures." loon ablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation. We can discuss the pros and cons of each technology prior to Joseph Marine, M.D. your procedure. For our procedure we use a special sys-tem that allows information from your CT or MRI scan to be imported into the procedure to allow for precise 3-D mapping. The success rate depends on various clinical factors. In general, younger patients with normal-size left atrium, normal heart function and intermittent atrial fibrilla-tion (i.e., who are not in atrial fibrillation all the time) can expect the highest success rate. Lower success rates are expected in older patients, those with other types of heart disease, and those who are in chronic AF. This is a reconstructed cT scan Some patients need a second ablation procedure six or 3-D image of the left atrium and more months after their first one. Our experience, and attached pulmonary veins. The that of others throughout the world, has showed that ablation lesions are shown sur- rounding the two left and the "redo" procedures can significantly improve the overall two right pulmonary veins.
success rates of AF ablation.
Another option available at Johns Hopkins is surgi- cal ablation of atrial fibrillation. This procedure can be performed through small incisions in your chest wall. Surgical ablation of AF requires three or four days in the hospital. When you meet with one of our electrophysiologists, they provide more detailed information about success and complication rates of both catheter and surgical Balloon based cryoablation of ablation of AF. They also answer any questions you may atrial fibrillation is available have about atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, atrial tachycar- at Johns Hopkins for specific patients. This system uses freez- dia and their management. ing to achieve electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins.
Minimally Invasive Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial FibrillationThe Johns Hopkins Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgical Program, under the direction of Dr. kaushik Mandal, offers minimally invasive surgical radiofrequency ablation for patients who suffer from atrial fibrillation. The "mini-Maze" ablation procedures are derived from the original Cox-Maze operations developed in the 1980s and early 1990s. Performed through a standard ster-notomy and using the heart-lung bypass machine, these operations were designed to surgically interrupt the "reen-trant" electrical pathways found in atrial wall tissue that cause atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. The most refined " In properly selected of these operations achieved high success rates but are not widely performed due to their invasiveness and complex- patients, I have ity. New surgical technology now permits cardiac surgeons to perform procedures based on the Cox-Maze principles Maze procedure to through much smaller incisions made between the ribs be an extraordinarily on each side of the chest without using the heart-lung machine. Using a fiberoptic camera to visualize the heart effective treatment through these small incisions, the surgeon makes a series for atrial fibrillation." of lesions on the outside of the heart using various types of energy such as radiofrequency, freezing or ultrasonic Kaushik Mandal, M.D. energy. As with catheter-based interventions, patients with recent-onset paroxysmal (episodic) atrial fibrillation enjoy greater success rates than patients with longstanding con-tinuous atrial fibrillation.
Often, the left atrial appendage is also removed during these procedures, because it is widely believed that this is where blood clots tend to form in patients suffering from atrial fibrillation. Removing this source of clots is intended If you have additional to significantly reduce the risk of stroke and, in many questions about atrial cases, reduce or eliminate the need for long-term couma- fibrillation or about din anticoagulant therapy.
catheter ablation of Most mini-Maze operations take three to four hours. The minimally invasive approaches used usually result in a relatively short postoperative hospital stay averaging three appointment to see to four days. Since it often takes several months for the pro- an electrophysiologist cedure to take full effect, patients are generally placed on a at Johns Hopkins short course of antiarrhythmic drugs (e.g., amiodarone, beta n Contact one of our blocker) and coumadin. Most patients are able to resume electrophysiology normal activities two to four weeks after surgery.
For questions or to arrange a consultation with Dr. Mandal, please contact the Cardiac Surgery office at 410-955-9510 Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
The Johns Hopkins Hospital is easily Arrhythmia Service at accessible from the garage through a Johns Hopkins Hospital The Sheikh Zayed Tower and the
Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center
Many patients at our East Baltimore campus will stay in our new-est facilities, which represent a $1.1 billion investment in patient care. The Sheikh Zayed Tower and The Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center bring an astonishing level of service and innova-tion to our East Baltimore medical campus. Replacing half of the original hospital, the two new 12-story patient care towers occupy five acres of our East Baltimore medical campus. The hospital's entryway features one continuous airport-style canopy, shielding you from bad weather as you arrive. All areas of the hospital, including the adult and pediatric emergency rooms, are accessible through this single entrance.
At The Johns Hopkins Hospital, we use state-of-the-art technologies and innovations, many of which our researchers and clinicians have pioneered.
Our technology enhances patient care in three ways:n greater precision and safety more comfortable patient experience improved coordination and smoother workflow For example, repeated alarms, beeps and overhead pages are familiar to anyone who has stayed in a hospital. Yet these noises can disturb patients and distract staff. Patients who stay in the Sheikh Zayed Tower and the Bloomberg Children's Center enjoy a quieter, more peaceful environment. New technology eliminates overhead pag-ing, advanced building materials absorb sound, and thoughtfully-designed floorplans reduce the foot traffic and noise that occurs at busy nursing stations.
Electrophysiology Program in the Sheikh Zayed Tower
The Johns Hopkins Electrophysiology Program is based at the new Sheikh Zayed Tower of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. This new state-of-the-art facility provides the latest advances in technology to achieve the best possible outcomes for our patients.
Unique features of this facility include: Four advanced electrophysiology procedure rooms each equipped with biplane fluoroscopy and electroanatomic mapping systems.
Operating room level airflow and sterile technique are employed.
One hybrid operating room/electrophysiology room to facilitate procedures that require surgical back-up or a combined surgical and electrophysiology approach One dedicated room for cardioversion and tilt table test procedures.
One interventional MR imaging room – this unique facility allows electrophysiology procedures to be performed with non fluoroscopic MR imaging.
Ten pre-procedure rooms for pre-procedure evaluation located adja-cent to the electrophysiology procedure rooms.
Ten post procedure rooms for post procedure recovery located adja-cent to the electrophysiology procedure rooms.
Twenty private hospital rooms each with a private bath and a sleep-ing couch for family members to stay overnight.
The electrophysiology rooms are located adjacent to the cardiac sur-gical operating rooms.
The cardiac intensive care unit and cardiac surgical intensive care unit are located on the same floor.
A patient discusses device options with an electrophysiologist in one of the consul- tation rooms in the Sheikh Zayed Tower.
Arrhythmia Service at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center The Arrhythmia Service provides a full complement of electrophysiology testing and treatment at Johns Hop-kins Bayview Medical Center. If you live near Bayview, you may prefer to have your procedure performed at this location. Please discuss this with your doctor. " We are proud to offer a comprehensive cardiac arrhythmia program at Bayview in keeping with Johns Hopkins' leadership in this fast-evolving field." David Spragg, M.D. Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center
4940 Eastern Avenue
Baltimore, MD 21224-2780
Office: 443-997-0274
Driving directions from the north and east:
Take I-95 south to Eastern Avenue (Exit 59) and turn right.
Follow Eastern Avenue going west for approximately one
mile. Entrance to campus is on the right, Bayview Boulevard.
Driving from the south:
Take I-95 north through the Fort McHenry Tunnel to
Eastern Avenue (Exit 59). Turn left onto Eastern Avenue and
proceed west approximately one mile. Entrance to campus is
on the right, Bayview Boulevard.
Arrhythmia Service at Howard County The Johns Hopkins Arrhythmia Service now provides a full range of electrophysiologic services at Howard County General Hospital including patient consultation, electrophysiologic studies, catheter ablation, pacemaker implantation, and device implantation. If you live in or near Howard " We are available County, you may prefer to have your procedure to see patients in performed at this hospital in Columbia. Please consultation and discuss this with your doctor.
perform device implantation and standard ablation Howard County General Hospital
procedures in Howard County." 5755 Cedar Lane Columbia, MD 21044 www.hcgh.org Sandeep Bansal, M.D. Johns Hopkins Community Arrhythmia Clinics Several physicians from the Johns Hopkins Arrhythmia Service also attend Arrhythmia Clinics at certain Johns Hopkins Cardiology locations outside of Baltimore. If you would prefer to have your arrhythmia consultation at one of the sites listed below, please discuss this with your doctor.
Johns Hopkins Cardiology - Columbia Johns Hopkins Cardiology - Odenton 5450 knoll North Drive, Suite 170 1132 Annapolis Road, Suite 104 Columbia MD 21045 Phone: 443-997-0270 Phone: 443-997-0270 Fax: 410-630-7455 Fax: 410-630-7455 White Marsh
Johns Hopkins Cardiology - Green Johns Hopkins Cardiology - White Marsh 4924 Campbell Blvd., Suite 110 10755 Falls Road, Suites 320 and 340 Baltimore, MD 21236 Lutherville MD 21093 Phone: 443-997-0270 Phone: 443-997-0270 Fax: 410-630-7455 Fax: 410-630-7455 Johns Hopkins at Green Spring Station How We Help With Appointments and Other Arrangements Appointments
There are several ways to make appointments for arrhythmia services. The most
direct way is for your physician to call the Hopkins Access Line (HAL) at 1-800-
765-5447 and ask for any one of the Johns Hopkins electrophysiology doctors. Your
doctor can also call the cardiovascular access team (scheduling line) at 443-997-0270
to expedite an outpatient clinician appointment or consultation. Your doctor also
may call one of the EP doctors directly. If you prefer to schedule the appointment
yourself, you may call the cardiovascular access team at 443-997-0270 or contact one
of our electrophysiologists directly.
Johns Hopkins USA: For Our Out-of-Town Guests
Johns Hopkins USA provides one point of contact for our out-of-town patients.
Our staff can help you identify the appropriate physician or specialist, coordinate
multiple medical appointments, arrange second opinions, and obtain general infor-
mation on Johns Hopkins' numerous services. In addition, Johns Hopkins USA
staff can provide information regarding transportation, lodging and other travel
needs. Call 855-695-4872 to talk with Hopkins USA or visit the web site at
www.hopkinsmedicine.org/usa .
Johns Hopkins Medicine International
The professional staff of Johns Hopkins Medicine International coordinates all
aspects of international patients' medical care, paying special attention to personal,
cultural, and travel-related needs. The staff will arrange consultations, second opin-
ions or treatments and coordinate appointments in a time-efficient manner. The
staff also provides medical records reviews before the patient travels to the United
States, language inter-
preters, cost estimates,
and assistance with travel
arrangements. For more
information, call +1-410-
502-7683. From outside
the country, call +01-
410-614-4334, or
visit the website, www.
hopkinsmedicine.org/
international .
All patients are admitted to private rooms in Zayed.
Services for You and Your Family Accommodations Office
The Johns Hopkins Hospital has arranged special rates (and shuttle service in some instances) at
several local hotels for patients and their families. A full-service travel agency is available to help
patients and families with air, hotel or ground accommodations. It is open Monday through
Friday 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Please call 1-800-225-2201 or 410-464-6816 for assistance.
Communication
Please let us know if you have specific needs concerning language, hearing or vision. Ask your care
provider to arrange for an interpreter if you are deaf or hearing impaired, or if English is not your
primary language.
Foreign Language Interpreters
To arrange for a foreign language interpreter, contact or speak to a staff member.
Interpreter service is available 24 hours a day seven days a week.
For the Hearing Impaired
To schedule a sign language interpreter, call the Patient Relations Department Monday through
Friday between 8:30 a.m. and 5 p.m., at 410-955-2273. During other times, your nurse can
schedule an interpreter for you, or contact the security office at 410-955-5585.
TTY service is available in the Patient Relations Office, 410-955-2273.
Assistive devices are available upon request by calling 410-955-2273. Televisions have closed captioning. All fire and smoke alarms include a strobe light. At times when an interpreter may not be available, Nextalk devices can be obtained. Guest Services
For assistance with directions, hotels and local attractions, call 410-614-5100 or visit the recep-
tion desk in The Arcade, Zayed Tower, Main Level, Room M2123. Services are available Monday
through Friday 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.
Parking for Patients and Visitors
Use the McElderry Street Garage, which is open 24 hours a day seven days a week and is conveniently located
adjacent to the Outpatient Center. Be sure to carry your parking ticket with you because you must pay for
parking before you return to your vehicle.
Parking Coupons
Patients and visitors who need parking over an extended period of time should consider buying
parking coupons, which are sold in books of five or 10 at a discounted rate. Parking coupons do
not expire, but we do not offer a refund for unused coupons. Parking coupons are for use in the
garages only. You may buy coupon books at:
n Cashier's Office, Nelson 161, Monday through Friday 7:30 a.m. to 5 p.m.
n McElderry Garage, Monday through Friday 4 p.m. to 9 p.m. / Saturday and Sunday - 7:00 a.m.
to 11:30 p.m. n Orleans Garage, 24 hours a day, seven days a week including Saturdays, Sundays and all holidaysn Satellite Cashier - Zayed lobby, Monday through Friday 5:30 a.m.-1:30 p.m.
n Outpatient Cashiers Office, Monday through Friday 5:30 a.m.-5 p.m.
n Weinberg Building (1st floor at admitting/registration) Monday through Friday 7 a.m.-5 p.m. Please scan this QR code for the most recent Johns Hopkins Visitor Guide.
Shuttle Service
On-call service is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week within the perimeters of the East Balti-
more medical campus. Scheduled shuttle service to the Johns Hopkins Bayview medical campus and
Green Spring Station operates on weekdays only. For information on departure/arrival times, call the
Transportation Office at 410-502-6880 (Monday – Friday, 6 a.m. to 11 p.m.).
Valet Parking
Valet parking is available at the Hospital's main entrance on Orleans Street; the Outpatient Center
(Outpatient Center Circle); and the Weinberg Building on Jefferson Street (Sidney kimmel Cancer
Center). Phone: 410-955-5333.
Pastoral Care
The Pastoral Care staff provides sensitive spiritual support, sacramental ministries, advance directive
consultation and other services for patients and their family members. Your observance of the rituals
and sacraments of your faith will be respected, and your religious needs will be accommodated as
fully as possible.
Religious services are available in the hospital, including Catholic mass, Jewish minyan, Protestant worship and Muslim prayer. For specific times and locations, please call 410-955-5842.
Two interfaith chapels are open 24 hours a day for private prayer and meditation. One is located on the first floor of the hospital in the corner of the Children's Center lobby. The other is in the Harry and Jeanette Weinberg Building off the main lobby. A chaplain is in the hospital at all times. To request a visit from a chaplain or a clergyperson of a particular faith on a weekday, please call 410-955-5842. Your nurse will assist you at night and on the weekend.
Patient Information
Family and friends may dial 410-502-4000 for your room location and a brief description of your
condition. If you wish this information to be withheld, please inform your nurse.
Patient Representatives
The Patient Relations Department can help you with any questions, concerns or needs that you
may have regarding your stay in the hospital.
Patient representatives can:n investigate concerns and complaints and facilitate their resolutionn address questions and special needsn arrange for sign language interpreters and assistive devices for the hearing impairedn serve as liaisons between your family and the health care staff in the operating room and intensive care waiting rooms To speak with a patient representative, call 410-955-2273 Monday through Friday between 8:30 a.m. and 5 p.m.
Pharmacy
Pharmacies are conveniently located on the Hospital campus.
The Arcade Outpatient Pharmacy
Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center Pharmacy
Zayed Tower, Main Level, Room M2125, Monday through Friday 8 a.m. to 10 p.m.
Monday through Friday 8 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Saturday and Sunday 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Call 410-955-3733 or fax 410-614-3733 Call 443-287-9200 or fax 443-287-9230 Monument Street Outpatient Pharmacy
Weinberg Outpatient Pharmacy
1810 E. Monument St.
kimmel Cancer Center Monday through Friday 8 a.m. to 7 p.m.
Monday through Friday 9 a.m. to 7 p.m.
Saturday 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Saturday and Sunday 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Call 410-502-5735 or fax 410-502-5734 Call 410-955-5747 or fax 410-502-1511 Registration Staff
Our goal is to help you get settled and feel comfortable as quickly as possible. On the day of
your admission to the hospital, you will meet with a patient service coordinator.
Please have the following items with you:n your orange hospital plate (if you were issued one at a prior visit)n your health insurance cardn personal identification (such as a driver's license or picture I.D.)n HMO/PPO referral forms (if required)n medical records, X-ray films or prior test results (if your physician has requested them)n a copy of your advance directives You will be given an identification bracelet with your name and Hopkins history number. Please confirm that the information is correct. Do not take the bracelet off until you have been discharged from the hospital. If the bracelet comes off for any reason, notify your nurse and ask for a new one.
Please send home any valuables that you have with you. If you must keep your valuables at the hospital, we urge you to place them in a hospital safe.
Telephone and Television Services
Our telephone and television services are available to you 24 hours a day. To request service,
dial 2-7250 from your bedside phone and follow the instructions. The daily charge for these
services can be billed to your home telephone bill or to a personal credit card. If you prefer,
you may purchase a prepaid TV rental card from the kiosk in the main admitting office.
To make calls from your bedside phone:n When calling a Hopkins number from your room or any on-campus phone, use only the last five numbers. For example, if you want to reach 410-955-5000, dial 5-5000.
n When calling a local number in the Baltimore area, dial 9 and the full telephone num- ber, including the area code.
n For long-distance calls, you must use a calling card or personal credit card. Prepaid calling cards are available in the Gift Shop in the Nelson Lobby. The hospital does not accept collect calls.
Coming to The Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Outpatient Center From Washington D.C., Virginia and
From Philadelphia, New York and
the I-95 access at Baltimore-Washington
Northeastern Baltimore Suburbs
International Airport
Take I-95 South to Baltimore; merge onto I-895 Take I-95 North to Exit 53 (I-395 North) into South. From I-895 South, take Exit 14/Moravia downtown Baltimore. Continue straight on I-395 Road; turn LEFT onto Moravia Road at the traffic (stay left at fork; turns into Howard Street). Turn light at the end of the exit. Turn RIGHT onto the RIGHT onto Pratt Street. Continue on Pratt for US-40 West/Pulaski Highway ramp.
approximately 1.5 miles to Broadway; turn LEFT FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS FOR HOSPITAL PARKING on Broadway.
(ORLEANS GARAGE) OR OUTPATIENT CENTER FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS FOR HOSPITAL PARKING PARKING (MCELDERRY GARAGE).
(ORLEANS GARAGE) OR OUTPATIENT CENTER PARKING (MCELDERRY GARAGE).
Hospital Parking (Orleans Garage)
from US-40 West:
From York, Central Pennsylvania and
Continue on US-40 West/Pulaski Highway Northern Baltimore Suburbs
(turns into Orleans Street) approximately 3 miles Take I-83 South into Baltimore. At the end of the to N. Wolfe Street. Immediately after crossing freeway, turn LEFT onto Fayette Street. Continue N. Wolfe Street, turn LEFT at the Orleans on Fayette Street to Broadway and turn LEFT.
Garage traffic light (the hospital will be on your FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS FOR HOSPITAL PARKING right). After parking, take the elevator to Level 4 (ORLEANS GARAGE) OR OUTPATIENT CENTER (Main Level) and proceed across the enclosed PARKING (MCELDERRY GARAGE).
pedestrian bridge to the main hospital.
From Annapolis and Maryland's
Outpatient Center Parking
(McElderry Garage) from US-40 West:
From Route 50, take I-97 toward Baltimore and Continue on US-40 West approximately 3.5 follow I-97 to the Baltimore Beltway (I-695) miles to N. Caroline Street; turn RIGHT onto toward Towson. Take the Beltway to the Baltimore- N. Caroline Street. From N. Caroline Street, turn Washington Parkway (I-295) North. Follow I-295 RIGHT onto McElderry Street. The entrance to into Baltimore (it becomes Russell Street). Turn Outpatient Parking at the McElderry Garage is on the RIGHT on Pratt Street. Stay on Pratt for right. After parking your car, follow sidewalk to the approximately 1.5 miles to Broadway; turn LEFT Outpatient Center. on Broadway.
Hospital Parking (Orleans Garage)
FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS FOR HOSPITAL PARKING (ORLEANS GARAGE) OR OUTPATIENT CENTER PARKING (MCELDERRY GARAGE).
From Broadway, turn RIGHT onto Orleans Street.
Turn RIGHT into the Orleans Garage (at the From Frederick and Western Maryland
Orleans Garage traffic light). After parking, take the elevator to Level 4 (Main Level) and proceed across Take I-70 East. Merge onto I-695 S/Baltimore the enclosed pedestrian bridge to the main hospital.
Beltway outer loop via EXIT 91A toward I-95 S/Glen Burnie. Take Exit 11A-11B for I-95 Outpatient Center Parking (McElderry
North/I-95 South toward Baltimore/Washington; Garage) from Broadway:
keep left at the fork and merge onto I-95 North.
Take I-95 North to Exit 53 (I-395 North) into From Broadway, turn LEFT onto Orleans Street.
downtown Baltimore. Continue straight on I-395 Turn RIGHT onto N. Caroline Street. Turn RIGHT (stay left at fork; turns into Howard Street). Turn onto McElderry Street (1st traffic light). The entrance RIGHT onto Pratt Street. Continue on Pratt for to Outpatient Parking at the McElderry Garage is on approximately 1.5 miles to Broadway; turn LEFT the right. After parking your car, follow sidewalk to on Broadway.
the Outpatient Center.
FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS FOR HOSPITAL PARKING (ORLEANS GARAGE) OR OUTPATIENT CENTER PARKING (MCELDERRY GARAGE).
HOPKINS AT
FROM NEW YORK
RT
H CHARLES STREET
FREDERICK AND
THE JOHNS
AND VIRGINIA
ANNAPOLIS AND
MARYLAND'S EASTERN SHORE
GREENMOUNT A
25th STREET
ST. PAUL'S STREET
TH CHARLES STREET
NORTH AVENUE
The Johns Hopkins Hospital
TTERSON P
Johns Hopkins Outpaient Center
ON STREET
Outpatient Center Parking
EAST MADISON STREET
EAST MONUMENT STREET
LINE STREE
GREENE SR
LFE STREE
IN LUTHER KING
DOWNTOWN
PATTERSON
PRATT STREET
FLEET STREET
TO BWI AND
WASHINGTON DC REET
Notes & Questions
Johns Hopkins Arrhythmia Service PhysiciansHugh Calkins, MD Saman Nazarian, MD Pediatric Service Ronald Berger, MD, PhD AV Kolandaivelu, MD Co-Director Henry Halperin, MD, MA Hiroshi Ashikaga, MD Kaushik Mandal, MD Director, Bayview Program Sandeep Bansal, MD Arrhythmia Surgery Harikrishna Tandri, MD Jeffrey Brinker, MD Joseph Marine, MD Gordon Tomaselli, MD Chief of Cardiology Referral Contact Information
Electrophysiology Service Main Number and Phone Tree
For all other calls concerning arrhythmia management and Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy
(ARVD/C) Program
For physicians and patients to schedule an appointment or
consultation for ARVD/C.
Cardiovascular Access Team (Scheduling Line)
For physician referral for outpatient consultation. Also for patients to schedule outpatient clinical appointments (arrhythmia, general cardiology, pacemaker and implantable defibrillator clinics). Hopkins Access Line (HAL)
For physician to physician communication, hospital transfers and referrals. Johns Hopkins USA
To schedule appointments and provide help with travel needs for out of town guests. Johns Hopkins Medicine International
410-502-7683 +01-410-614-4334
To schedule appointments and travel (In the United States) (Outside the United States) arrangements for international guests. Outpatient Pediatric appointments
To schedule an appointment with a pediatric electrophysiologist or general pediatric cardiologist. Arrhythmia Research Office and Nurse
For more information about current research related to arrhythmias and treatment. The Johns Hopkins Hospital
Main Number
Patient Information Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center
Main Number & Patient Information
Outpatient Cardiology Clinic Appointments Electrophysiology Procedure Scheduling Johns Hopkins
Arrhythmia Service
1800 Orleans Street
Sheikh Zayed Tower
Room 7125R
Baltimore, Maryland 21287
410-955-7405
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heart

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