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Impedance
Adult Impedance/pH Reflux Monitoring 1. Intraluminal Multiple Electric Impedance Procedure for Measurement of Gastrointestinal 14. Use of MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance to Document Proximal Esophageal and Motility; Silny; Journal of Gastrointestinal Motility; Volume 3; No 3; September 1991 Pharyngeal Nonacid Reflux Episodes; Tutuian et al; The American Journal of Medicine; Vol 115; (3A); 2003; 119S-123S 2. Measuring Esophageal Motility with a New Intraluminal Impedance Device; First Clinical Trial Results in Reflux Patients; Fass et al; Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1994; 15. Esophageal Impedance Monitoring; The Ups and Downs of a New Test; Steven Shay; American Journal of Gastroenterology May 2004: 1020-1022 3. Multiple Intraluminal Electrical Impedancometry for Recording of Upper GI Motility; H. 16. Twenty-Four Hour Ambulatory Simultaneous impedance and pH Monitoring: A Nguyen et al.; The American Journal of Gastroenterology; Volume 94; Number 2; 1999; pp Multicenter Report of Normal Values From 60 Healthy Volunteers' S. Shay et al; American Journal of Gastroenterology 2004: 99; 1037-43 4. Patterns of Gas and Liquid Reflux During Transient Lower Oesophageal Sphincter 17. Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Monitoring: Review and Consensus Report on Detection Relaxation; A Study Using Intraluminal Electrical Impedance; D. Sifrim et al.; Gut; Volume and Definitions of Acid, Non-acid and Gas Reflux; Sifrim et al; Gut; 2004-53;1024-1031 44; July 1998; pp 47-54 18. Omeprazole Does Not Reduce Gastroesophageal Reflux: New Insights Using 5. Composition of the Postprandial Refluxate in Patients With GastroEsophageal Reflux MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance Technology A. Tamhankar et al; Journal of Disease; D. Sifrim et al.; The American Journal of Gastroenterology; Volume 96; Number 3; Gastrointestinal Surgery; Vol. 8, Number 7, 888-896 19. Aerophagia, Gastric & Supraesophageal Belching: A Study Using Intraluminal Electrical 6. Acid, Non-Acid, and Gas Reflux in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Impedance Monitoring; AJ Bredenoord et al; GUT; 2004;53; 1561-1565 During Ambulatory 24-Hour pH-Impedance Recordings; D. Sifrim et al.; American Journal of Gastroenterology 2001:120:1588-1598 20. Minimum Sample Frequency for MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance Measurement of the Oesophagus; AJ Bredenoord et al; Neurogastroenterology Motility; 2004;16; 713-719 7. Simultaneous Intraesophageal Impedance and pH Measurement of Acid and Nonacid Reflux: Effect of Omeprazole; M. Vela et al.; Gastroenterology 2001; 120:1599-1606 21. Physical and pH Properties Gastroesophagopharyngeal Refluxate: A 24-hour Simultaneous Ambulatory Impedance and pH Monitoring Study; Kawamura et al; American 8. MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance Accurately Detects Fasting, Recumbent Reflux Journal of Gastroenterology; 2004:120:1588-1598.
Events And Their Clearing; S. Shay et al.; American Journal Physiology; Gastrointestinal & Liver Physiology; April 2002;10.1152;G376-383 22. An Evaluation of the Antireflux Properties of Sodium Alginate by Means of Combined MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance and pH-metry; Zentilin et al; Alimentary Pharmacol 9. Baclofen Decreases Acid and Nonacid Postprandial Gastroesophageal Reflux Measured by Combined Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance and pH; M.F.Vela et al; Alimentary Pharmacology Therapy 2003;17:243-251.
23. Reproducibility of MultiChannel Intraluminal Electrical Impedance Monitoring of Gastroesophageal Reflux; AJ Bredenoord et al; American Journal of Gastroenterology; 10. Relevance of Ineffective Oesophageal Motility During Oesophageal Acid Clearance; M. 2005;100: 265-269 Simren et al.; Gut 2003; 52:784-790.
24. Mechanisms of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Critically Ill Mechanically Ventilated 11. Redefining Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER) Detection Using Multichannel Intraluminal Patients; G. Nind et al; Gastroenterology; 2005;128:600-606 Impedance in Healthy Volunteers; N.S. Balaji et al; Surgical Endoscopy (2003) pp 1-8 25. Relationships Between Air Swallowing, Intragastric Air, Belching and Gastro- 12. Acid Rereflux, A Review, Emphasizing Detection by Impedance, Manometry and oesophageal Reflux; A. J. Bredenoord et al; Neurogastroenterology Motility; 2005;17; Scintigraphy, and The Impact of Acid Clearing Pathophysiology as Well as interpreting the pH Record; S.Shay et al; Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Vol 48, No 1, January 2003; 1-9. 26. The Influence of Postural Changes on Gastroesophageal Reflux and Barrier Pressure in 13. MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance in Esophageal Function Testing and Nonfasting Individuals; Hans-Christian Jeske et al; Anesthesia Analg.2005; 101: 597-600 Gastroesophageal Reflux Monitoring; R. Tutuian et al; Journal Clinical Gastroenterology, Vol 37, No 3, 2003; 206-215 27. Direct Comparison of Impedance, Manometry and pH in Detecting Reflux Before and After a Meal; Shay & Richter; Digestive Disease & Sciences; Vol 50, No 9, pp 1584-1590.
Adult Impedance/pH Reflux Monitoring 28. Determinants of Perception of Heartburn and Regurgitation; A. Bredenoord et al; Gut 42. Acid and Nonacid Reflux in Patients with Persistent Symptoms Despite Acid Suppressive Therapy: a Multicentre Study Using Combined Ambulatory Impedance-pH Monitoring; Mainie et al; GUT 2006;55:1398-1402.
29. Direct Comparison of Impedance, Manometry and pH Probe in Detecting Reflux Before and After a Meal; Shay & Richter; Digestive Diseases & Sciences, Vol 50, No 9 (September 43. Impedance Signature of Pharyngeal Gaseous Reflux; Kawamura et al; European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2007, Vol 19 No 1, 65-71.
30. Normal Values and Day to Day Variability of 24-H Ambulatory Oesophageal 44. Characteristics of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Symptomatic Patients With and Impedance-pH Monitoring in a Belgian-French Cohort of Healthy Subjects; Zerbib et al; Without Excessive Esophageal Acid Exposure; Bredenoord et al; American Journal of Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 22:1011-21.
31. Gastric Fullness, Physical Activity and Proximal Extent of Gastroesophageal Reflux; 45. Performance and Optimal Technique for Pharyngeal Impedance Recording: A Emerenziani et al, American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2005; 100: 1251-1256.
Simulated Pharyngeal Reflux Study; Aslam et al; American Journal Gastroenterology 2007;102:33–39.
32. Weakly Acidic Reflux in Patients with Chronic Unexplained Cough During 24 Hour Pressure, pH and Impedance Monitoring; D. Sifrim et al; GUT; 2005; 54;449-454.
46. Impedance Monitoring Shows that Posture and Meal Influence Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Composition and Frequency; Shay & Lopez; Neurogastroenterology Motility (2007) 33. Addition of Esophageal Impedance Monitoring to pH Monitoring Increases the Yield of Symptom Association Analysis in Patients off PPI Therapy; Bredenoord et al; Am. Journal of Gastroenterology; 2006;101:453-459.
47. Combined MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance and pH Esophageal Testing Compared to pH Alone for Diagnosing Both Acid and Weakly Acidic Gastroesophageal Reflux; Hila et 34. Esophageal pH-Impedance Monitoring and Symptom Analysis in GERD: A Study al; Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2007;5:172–177 in Patients Off & On Therapy; Zerbib et al; American Journal of Gastroenterology; 2006:101;1956-63.
48. Improved Diagnosis of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux in Patients with Unexplained Chronic Cough; Blondeau et al; Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 25, 723–732 35. Nonacid Reflux in Patients With Chronic Cough on Acid-Suppressive Therapy; Tutuian et al; CHEST 2006;130;386-391 49. Distension During Gastroesophageal Reflux: Effects of Acid Inhibition and Correlation 36. Gastroesophageal and Pharyngeal Reflux Detection Using Impedance and 24-Hour pH with Symptoms; Tipnis et al; Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 293: G469–G474, Monitoring in Asymptomatic Subjects: Defining The Normal Environment; B.K. Oelschlager et al, Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 2006 Jan;10(1):54-62.
50. Effect of Oesophagitis on Proximal Extent of Gastroesophageal Reflux: Emerenziani et 37. Normal Values of 24-h Ambulatory Intraluminal Impedance Combined Is There a al; Neurogastroenterology Motility (2007) 19, 459–464 Role for Immunotherapy in Hepatocelluar Carcinoma with pH-metry in Subjects Eating a Mediterranean Diet; Zentilin et al; Digestive and Liver Disease 2006:38;226-32.
51. Physiological Acid Exposure Of The Oesophagus Perception In Non-Erosive Patients With Presence; Emerenziani et al; doi:10.1136/Gut 2007.130104; published online 31 Aug 38. Air Swallowing, Belching and Reflux in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease; A. Bredenoord et al; Am J Gastroenterology 2006; 101:1721-1726.
52. Acid, Nonacid GER & Gastric Aspiration in Lung Transplant Patients with or without 39. MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance in the Evaluation of Patients With Persistent Chronic Rejection; Blondeau et al; European Journal of Respiratory Disorders 2007 Globus on Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy; Anandasabapathy & Jaffin; Annals of Otology, Rhinonology & Laryngology 2006 n5(8):563-570.
53. Total Fundoplication Does Not Obstruct the Esophageal Secondary Peristalsis: Investigation with Pre- and Postoperative 24-Hour pH-MultiChannel Intraluminal 40. Combined MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance-pH Monitoring to Select Patients with Impedance; Genio; Eur Surg Res 2008;40:230–234 Persistent Gastro-oesophageal Reflux for Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication; Mainie et al; British Journal of Surgery; 10.1002/bjs.5493; 2006.
54. Combined pH-Metry/Impedance Monitoring Increases the Diagnostic Yield in Patients with Atypical Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms; Bajbouj; Digestion 2007;76:223–228 41. Ambulatory 24-h Oesophageal Impedance–pH Recordings: reliability of Automatic Analysis for Gastro- Esophageal Reflux Assessment; Roman et al; Neurogastroenterol Motil (2006) 18, 978–986.
Adult Impedance/pH Reflux Monitoring 55. Characterization of Reflux Events After Fundoplication Using Combined Impedance–pH 69. The Role of Nonacid Reflux in NERD: Lessons Learned From Impedance-pH Monitoring Recording; Roman et al; British Journal of Surgery 2007; 94: 48–52 in 150 Patients off Therapy; Savarino et al; Journal of Gastroenterology; 2008;103:1–9 56. Role of Intra-Oesophageal Impedance Monitoring in the Evaluation of Endoscopic 70. Determinants of Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Perception in Patients with Persistent Gastroplication for Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease; J. M. Conchillo et al; Alimentary Symptoms Despite Proton Pump Inhibitors; Zerbib et al; Gut 2008;57;156-160 Pharmacology Therapeutics 26, 61–68 71. Gastro-oesophageal Reflux and Gastric Aspiration in Lung Transplant Patients With or 57. Efficacy of Laparoscopic Mesh-Augmented Hiatoplasty in GERD and Symptomatic Without Chronic Rejection; Blondeau et al; European Respiratory Journal; Vol 31, No 4.
Hiatal Hernia. Study Using Combined Impedance-pH Monitoring; Linke et al; Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery; DOI 10.1007/s11605-008-0470-6 72. Regional Oesophageal Sensitivity to Acid and Weakly Acidic Reflux in Patients with Adult Impedance-pH Reflux Monitoring Non-erosive Reflux Disease; Emerenziani et al; Neurogastroenterology Motility (2009) 21, 253–258 58. Biliary Reflux and Nonacid Reflux are Two Distinct Phenomena: A Comparison Between 24-hour MultiChannel Intraesophageal Impedance and Bilirubin Monitoring; Pace et al; 73. Gastroesophageal Reflux and Pulmonary Fibrosis in Scleroderma; A Study Using pH- Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2007; 42: 1031_1039 Impedance Monitoring; Savarino et al; American Journal Respiratory Critical Care Med Vol 179. pp 408–413, 2009 59. Mechanisms of Acid, Weakly Acidic and Gas Reflux After Anti-Reflux Surgery; A J Bredenoord et al; Gut; 2008;57:161–166 74. Normal Values of 24-Hour Combined Esophageal Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance and pH Monitoring in the Chinese Population; Xiao et al; Digestion 2009;79:109–114 60. Prospective Assessment of Patient Selection for Antireflux Surgery by Combined Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance pH Monitoring; DelGenio et al; Journal 75. Azithromycin Reduces Gastroesophageal Reflux and Aspiration in Lung Transplant Gastrointestinal Surgery 2008;12:1491-1496.
Recipients; Mertens et al; Dig Dis Sci (2009) 54:972–979 61. Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux and Aspiration of Gastric Contents in Adult Patients with 76. Efficacy of Esophageal Impedance/pH Monitoring in Patients With Refractory Cystic Fibrosis; Blondeau et al; Gut. 2008 Mar 27 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, on and off Therapy; Pritchett et al; Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009;xx:xxx 62. An Analysis of Persistent Symptoms in Acid-Suppressed Patients Undergoing Impedance-pH Monitoring; Sharma et al; Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 77. Association of Gastroesophageal Reflux and O2 Desaturation: A Novel Study of Simultaneous 24-h MII–pH and Continuous Pulse Oximetry; Salvador et al; Journal Gastrointest Surg (2009) 13:854–861 63. Clinical Trial: Persistent Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Symptoms Despite Standard Therapy with Proton Pump Inhibitors – A Follow-up Study of Intraluminal-Impedance 78. Functional Heartburn Has More in Common with Functional Dyspepsia than with Non- Guided Therapy; Becker et al; Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 26, 1355–1360 Erosive Reflux Disease; Savarino et al; Gut published online 20 May 2009; doi:10.1136/gut.2008.175810 64. Characteristics of Symptomatic Reflux Episodes on Acid Suppressive Therapy; Tutuian et al; American Journal Gastroenterology 2008;103:1090–1096 79. Nonacid Reflux Episodes Reaching the Pharynx are Important Factors Associated With Cough; Patterson et al; Journal Clinical Gastroenterology; 2009 XXXX 65. Total Fundoplication Controls Acid and Nonacid Reflux: Evaluation by Pre- and Postoperative 24-h pH–Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance; del Genio et al; Surgical 80. Supragastric Belching in Patients With Reflux Symptoms; Hemmink et al; American Endoscopy; DOI 10.1007/s00464-008-9958-0 Journal of Gastroenterology; online;19 May 2009 66. The Utility of Intraluminal Impedance in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux 81. Symptoms with Acid and Nonacid Reflux may be Produced by Different Mechanisms; Disease-Like Symptoms but Normal Endoscopy and 24 Hour pH Testing; Kline et al; Clinical Agrawal et al; Diseases of the Esophagus (2009) 22, 467–470 Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2008;6:880-885 82. Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance Measurement of Gastroesophageal Reflux in 67. Esophageal pH-Impedance Monitoring in Patients With Therapy-Resistant Reflux Patients with Different Stages of Morbid Obesity; Schneider et al; OBES SURG (2009) Symptoms: ‘On' or ‘Off' Proton Pump Inhibitor? Hemmink et al; American Journal of 68. Reproducibility of Symptom Association Analysis in Ambulatory Reflux Monitoring; Aanen et al; American Journal of Gastroenterology; 2008;103:2200–2208 Pediatric Impedance/pH Reflux Monitoring 1. Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants: Evaluation of a New Intraluminal Impedance 15. The Importance of MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance in The Evaluation of Technique; H. Skopnik et al.; Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition; Volume Children with Persistent Respiratory Symptoms; Rosen R. & Nurko S.; American Journal of 23; Number 5;591-598; 1996 2. Procedure for the SemiAutomatic Detection of Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Patterns in 16. Paradoxical Impact of Body Positioning on Gastroesophageal Reflux and Gastric Intraluminal Impedance Measurements in Infants; M. Trachterna, T. G. Wenzl, J. Silny, G. Emptying in the Premature Neonate; Omari et al; Journal Pediatrics 2004, 145: 194-200 Rau, G. Heimann; Med Eng Phys 1999, 21: 195-201 17. Effect of Gaviscon Infant on Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux in Infants Assessed by 3. Gastroesophageal Reflux and Respiratory Phenomena in Infants: Status of the Combined Intraluminal Impedance-pH, R Del Buono, TG Wenzl, G Ball, S Keady, m Intraluminal Impedance Technique T. G. Wenzl, J. Silny, S. Schenke, T. Peschgens, G. Thomson, Arch. Dis. Child, 2005; 90; 460-463.
Heimann, H. Skopnik; Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutriiton; 1999, 28: 423-8 18. Testing the Association Between Gastroesophageal Reflux and Apnea in Infants; H. 4. Intraluminal Impedance: an Ideal Technique For Evaluating Pediatric Gastroesophageal Mousa et al; Journal Pediatric Gastroenterology Nutrition; 2005, 41: 169-177.
Reflux Disease; T. G. Wenzl, H. Skopnik; Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2000, 2: 259-64 19. Evaluation of Infantile Acid and Nonacid Gastroesophageal Reflux Using Combined pH 5. Association of Apnea and Nonacid Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants: Investigations Monitoring and Impedance Measurement; Journal Pediatric Gastroenterology Nutrition; with the Intraluminal Impedance Technique; T. G. Wenzl, S. Schenke, T. Peschgens, J. Silny, 2005, 42: 16-21.
H. Skopnik, G. Heimann; Pediatric Pulmonology; 31:144-149 (2001) 20. Gastroesophageal Reflux Alkaline Neonates: Rate and Characteristics of Acid, Weakly 6. Esophageal pH Monitoring and Impedance Measurement: A Comparison of Two Acidic, and Weakly Twenty-Four-Hour Esophageal Impedance-pH Monitoring in Healthy Diagnostic Tests for Gastroesophageal Reflux; T. Wenzl et al; Pediatric Gastroenterology Preterm; Manuel López-Alonso & Daniel Sifrim et al; Pediatrics 2006;118;299-308 and Nutrition 2002; 34:519-523 21. Relationship Between Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux and Gastric Activity in Newborns 7. Gastroesophageal Reflux and Apnea of Prematurity: No Temporal Relationship; Peter Assessed by Combined Intraluminal Impedance,-pH metry and Epigastric impedance; Cresi C.S. / Poets C.F.et al; Pediatrics; Volume 109 No 1, January 2002.
et al; Neurogastroenterology and Motility; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00769.
8. Effects of Thickened Feeding on Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants: A Placebo- 22. Acid and Nonacid Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux in Neurologically impaired Children: Controlled Crossover Study Using Intraluminal Impedance; T.Wenzl et al; Pediatrics; Volume investigation with the Multiple Intraluminal Impedance Procedure: Del Buono et al; JPGN 111 No 4, April 2003.
9. Evaluation of Gastroesophageal Reflux Events in Children Using Multichannel 23. The Sensitivity of MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance and the pH Probe in the Intraluminal Electrical Impedance; T. Wenzl; The American Journal of Medicine; Volume 115 Evaluation of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Children; Rosen et al; Clinical Gastroenterology & (3A) 161S-165S;2003 Hepatology 2006, 4: 167-72 10. Influence of Nasogastric Tubes on Gastroesophageal Reflux in Preterm Infants: A 24. Esophageal Impedance/pH Monitoring in Pediatric Patients: Preliminary Experience Multiple intraluminal Impedance Study; Peter CS et al; ;Journal Pediatric 2002, 141: 227-9 with 50 Cases; Mattioli et al, Digestive Diseases Science 2006, 51: 2341-7 11. Investigating Esophageal Reflux with the Intraluminal Impedance Technique; Wenzl TG; 25. Twenty-Four-Hour Esophageal Impedance-pH Monitoring in Healthy Preterm Neonates: Journal Pediatric Gastroenterology Nutrition; 2002, 34: 261-268 Rate and Characteristics of Acid, Weakly Acidic, and Weakly Alkaline Gastroesophageal Reflux; Lopez-Alonso et al; Pediatrics 2006, 118: e299-308 12. Detection of Small Bolus Volumes Using Multiple Intraluminal Impedance in Preterm Infants; Peter CS et al; Journal Pediatric Gastroenterology Nutrition; 2003, 36: 381-4 26. Acid Gastroesophageal Reflux Reports in Infants: a Comparison of Esophageal pH Monitoring and MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance Measurements; Woodley & Mousa; 13. Gastroesophageal Reflux; A Critical Review of Its Role in Preterm Infants; Poets FP; Digestive Diseases Science 2006, 51: 1910-6 Pediatrics; Vol 113 No 2;Feb 2004 27. Evaluation of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Pediatric Patients with Asthma Using 14. Inter- and Intra Observer Agreement for Gastroesophageal Reflux Detection in Infants Impedance-pH Monitoring; Condino et al; Journal Pediatrics 2006, 149: 216-9 Using Multiple Intraluminal Impedance; Peter CS, Sprodowski N, Ahlborn V, Wiechers C, Schlaud M, SIlny J, Poets CF; Biol Neonate 2004, 85: 11-14 28. Acid and Nonacid Gastro-Esophageal Refluxes in Children with Chronic Pulmonary Disease; Thilmany et al; Respir Med (epub 10/2006 Pediatric Impedance/pH Reflux Monitoring Impedance-Manometry Esophageal Function Testing 29. Starch Thickening of Human Milk is Ineffective in Reducing the Gastroesophageal 1. Intraluminal Multiple Electric Impedance Procedure for Measurement of Reflux in Preterm Infants: a Crossover Study Using Intraluminal Impedance; Corvaglia et al; Gastrointestinal Motility; Jiri Silny; Journal of Gastrointestinal Motility; 1991:3:151-62.
Journal Pediatrics 2006, 148: 265-8 2. Verification of the Intraluminal Multiple Electrical Impedance Measurement for the 30. Diurnal Variation in the Chemical Clearance of Acid Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants: Recording of Gastrointestinal Motility; J. Silny et al.; Journal of Gastrointestinal Motility; Woodley et al; Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology; 2007, 5: 37-43 Volume 5, No 2, Page 107-122,June 1993 31. MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance to Detect Relationship Between 3. Measuring Esophageal Motility with a New Intraluminal Impedance Device; J. Fass et Gastroesophageal Reflux and Apnea of Prematurity; Magista et al; Dig Liver Dis 2007, 39: al; Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology; 1994; 29: 693-702 4. Comparison Between Intraluminal Multiple Electric Impedance Measurement and 32. Effect of Body Position Changes on Postprandial Gastroesophageal Reflux and Gastric Manometry in the Human Oesophagus; T. Frieling et al.;Neurogastroenterology & Motility; Emptying in the Healthy Premature Neonate; Michiel Van Wijk et al; Journal of Pediatrics 5. Dynamics of Esophageal Bolus Transport in Healthy Subjects Studied Using Multiple 33. The Effect of Body Positioning on Gastroesophageal Reflux in Premature Infants: Intraluminal Impedancometry; H. Nguyen et al.; The American Physiological Society; 1997: Evaluation by Combined Impedance and pH Monitoring; Luigi Corvaglia; Journal of 6. Multiple Intraluminal Electrical Impedancometry for Recording of Upper GI Motility; 34. Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Acid Refluxate and Relationship to Symptoms in H. Nguyen et al.; The American Journal of Gastroenterology; Volume 94; Number 2, page Premature and Term Infants with Chronic Lung Disease; Jadcherla et al; American Journal of Gastroenterology 2008;103:720-728.
7. Esophageal Function Testing Using MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance; R. Srinivasan 35. Short-term Effect of Domperidone on Gastroesophageal Reflux in Newborns Assessed et al.; Journal of The American Journal of Physiology; 0193-1857, page G457-G462, 2001 by Combined Intraluminal Impedance and pH Monitoring; F Cresi et al; Journal of Perinatology (2008), 1–5; doi:10.1038/jp.2008.81 8. Esophageal Function Testing With Combined MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance & Manometry. Multicenter Study in Healthy Volunteers. R. Tutuian et al; Clinical 36. Gastroesophageal Reflux Increases the Number of Apneas in Very Preterm Infants; Gastroenterology and Hepatology; 2003:1:174-82.
Corvaglia et al ; Archives of Disease in Childhood; Neonatal Edition; Online Publication 11 September 2008.
9. Impedance Characteristics of Normal Oesophageal Motor Function; Nguyen et al; European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology; 2003;15:773-780 37. Addition of pH-Impedance Monitoring to Standard pH Monitoring Increases the Yield of Symptom Association Analysis in Infants and Children with Gastroesophageal Reflux; 10. Effects of Position on Oesophageal Function; Studies Using Combined Manometry and Loots et a; The Journal of Pediatrics; Volume 154, Issue 2, Pages 248-252 MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance; R. Tutuian et al; Neurogastroenterology & Motility; 2003;15:63-67 38. Combined Esophageal Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance and pH Monitoring After Repair of Esophageal Atresia; Frohlich et al; Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & 11. MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance in Esophageal Function Testing and Nutrition; Vol. 47, No. 4, October Gastroesophageal Reflux Monitoring; R. Tutuian et al; Journal Clinical Gastroenterology, Vol 37, No 3, 2003; 206-215 12. Clarification of the Esophageal Function Defect in Patients with Manometric Ineffective Esophageal Motility; Tutuian R, Castell DO; Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2003 1:174-182 13. Impedance Characteristics Normal Oesophageal Motor Function; H Nguyen et al; European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology; 2003;15:773-80.
14. Regional Differences in Oesophageal Motor Function; J. Wise. J. Murray, J Conklin; Neurogastroenterology Motility, 2004 16,31-37 Impedance-Manometry Esophageal Function Testing 15. Effect of Interval Between Swallows on Oesophageal Pressures and Bolus Movement in the Normal Subjects-Studies with Combined Multichannel Intraluminal 28. MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance for The Assessment of Post-fundoplication Impedance and Oesophageal Manometry; R. Tutuian, S. Jalil, P.O. Katz, D.O.Castell; Dysphagia; Yigit, Quiroga & Oelschlager; Diseases of the Esophagus (2006) 19, 382-388.
Neurogastroenterology Motility, 2004 16,23-29 29. Symptom and Function Heterogenicity Among Patients with Distal Esophageal Spasm: 16. Clarification of the Esophageal Function Defect in Patients With Manometric Ineffective Studies Using Combined Impedance–Manometry; Tutuian et al; American Journal of Esophageal Motility: Studies Using Combined Impedance-Manometry; R. Tutuian & Gastroenterology; 2006; 101:464-9 D.O.Castell; Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2004:2:230-236.
30. The Effect of Sildenafil on Segmental Oesophageal Motility and Gastro-oesophageal 17. Rumination Documented by Using Combined MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance Reflux; Kim, Conklin & Park; Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics; 24, 1029-1036; and Manometry; R. Tutuian & D.O.Castell; Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 31. Assessment of Esophageal Motor Function Using Combined MultiChannel Intraluminal 18. Impedance Characteristics of Esophageal Motor Function in Achalasia; Nguyen et al; Impedance and Manometry in Healthy Volunteers: A Single-Center Study in Taiwan; Diseases of the Esophagus (2004) 17, 44–50 Chien-Lin Chen et al; Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04565.x 19. Combined MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance and Manometry Clarifies Esophageal Function Abnormalities: Study of 350 Patients; R. Tutuian & D. Castell; American Journal of 32. Bethanechol Improves Smooth Muscle Function in Patients With Severe Ineffective Esophageal Motility; Agrawal et al; Journal Clinical Gastroenterology 2007;41:366–370) 20. Aerophagia, Gastric and Supragastric Belching: a Study Using Intraluminal Electrical 33. Return of Esophageal Function after Treatment for Achalasia as Determined by Impedance Monitoring; Bredenoord et al; Gut 2004,1561-1565 Impedance-Manometry; Tatum et al; Journal Gastrointestinal Surgery; DOI 10.1007/s11605-007-0293-x 21. Characteristics of Oesophageal Bolus Transport in Patients with Mild Esophagitis; G. Domingues et al; European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology; 2005;Volume 17, 34. Impedance Manometry with Viscous Test Solution Increases Detection of Esophageal No 3. 323-332.
Function Defects Compared to Liquid Swallows; Blonski; Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2007; 42: 917_922 22. Bolus Transit Patterns in Healthy Subjects; a Study Using Simultaneous Impedance Monitoring, Videoesophagram and Esophageal Manometry; Hala Imam et al; American 35. Optimal Criteria for Detecting Bolus Passage Across the Pharyngo-Oesophageal Journal Physiology-Gastrointestinal & Liver Physiology 2005:288:G1000-6.
Segment During the Normal Swallow Using Intraluminal Impedance Recording; M. Szczesniak et al; Neurogastroenterology Motility (2007) 23. Assessment of Oesophageal Motor Function Using Combined Perfusion Manometry and Multi-Channel Intraluminal Impedance Measurements in Normal Subjects; N.Q. 36. MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance and Esophageal Manometry Data for Nguyen et al; Neurogastroenterol Motility : 2005:17:458-65.
Unrestricted Swallowing: Establishing Normal Values; Wilson et al; Diseases of the Esophagus (2008) 21, 51–56 24. Impaired Bolus Transit Across the Esophagogastric Junction in Postfundoplication Dysphagia; R.C.H. Scheffer et al; American Journal of Gastroenterology; 37. Differences in Oesophageal Bolus Transit Between Patients With and Without Erosive Reflux Disease; Chen et al; Digestive & Liver Disease doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2007.12.017 25. MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance Monitoring in the Evaluation of Patients with 38. Manometry and Impedance Characteristics of Achalasia. Facts and Myths; Agrawal et Non-Obstructive Dysphagia; J. M. Conchillo et al; American Journal of Gastroenterology; al; Journal Clinical Gastroenterology 2008;42:266–270 2005; 100; 2624-2632.
39. Clinical Correlates of Dysphagia to Oesophageal Dysmotility: Studies Using Combined 26. Impaired Esophageal Function in Morbidly Obese Patients with Gastroesophageal Manometry and Impedance; Chen et al; Neurogastroenterology Motility (2008) 20, Reflux Disease; Evaluation with MultiChannel Intraluminal Impedance; Quiroga et al; Surgical Endoscopy; 2006 March 16.
40. Utility of Esophageal Impedance in Identifying Dysmotility in Patients with Erosive 27. The Effect of Mosapride on Esophageal Motility and Bolus Transit in Asymptomatic Esophagitis; Chen et al; Diseases of the Esophagus (2008) 21, 539–543 Volunteers; Yu Kyung Cho et al; J Clin Gastroenterology _ Volume 40, Number 4, April 2006, 286-292.

Impedance-Manometry Esophageal Function Testing Compliments of Sandhill Scientific, Inc.
9150 Commerce Center Circle; Suite 500 Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80129 USA 41. Impedance Detected Abnormal Bolus Transit in Patients with Normal Esophageal Manometry. Sensitive Indicator of Esophageal Functional Abnormality?; Koya et al; Diseases of the Esophagus (2008) 21, 563–569 42. Oesophageal Bolus Transit and Clearance by Secondary Peristalsis in Normal Individuals; Chen et al; European Journal Gastroenterology & Hepatology; 20:1129–1135 43. The Effect of Oral Buspirone, Pyridostigmine, and Bethanechol on Esophageal Function Evaluated WithCombined Multichannel Esophageal Impedance-manometry in Healthy Volunteers; Blonski et al; Journal Clinical Gastroenterology 2009; 43:253–260 44. Proximal Versus Distal Oesophageal Motility as Assessed by Combined Impedance and Manometry; Chen et al; Digestive and Liver Disease 41 (2009) 104–109 45. Esophageal Pressure Topography Criteria Indicative of Incomplete Bolus Clearance: A Study Using High-Resolution Impedance Manometry; Bulsiewicz et al; American Journal of Gastroenterology (2009); 104:2721-2728 Copyright 2010 PL-10-008

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